1. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Chapter 16 Teaching in the Content Areas

2. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Critical Issues in Content Area Instruction Planning Pyramid Universal Design for Learning Curriculum Mapping Concept Anchoring Routine

3. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon “Curriculum Matters” (Pugach and Warger, 2001) Balancing Content and Process Balancing Depth and Breadth of Content Instruction Balancing Text-Driven and Activities-Driven Instruction

4. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Learning Difficulties in Content Areas Not all subjects are interesting to all students Not all subjects are consistent with cultural backgrounds and prior knowledge Learning is some content areas requires basic skills in reading, writing, and mathematics. Pace of instruction is too fast

5. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Learning Difficulties in Content Areas Conceptual complexity is overwhelming Textbooks are dull Homework, projects, and test-taking skills Taking tests are a required component of many content-area classes.

6. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Effective Content Area Instruction Prelearning Activities Purpose Setting Activities Preteaching Vocabulary Graphic Organizers Timelines Creating Listener- Friendly Lectures Giving Demonstrations

7. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Facilitating Student Participation Questioning Classroom Discussions – Discussion web

8. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Effective Content Area Reading Instruction Familiarizing Yourself with the Textbook Subject Matter Content Social Content Instructional Design Readability Level Friendliness Level (considerate text)

9. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Understanding How Students Interact with and Respond to Text FLIP – Friendliness – Language – Interest – Prior Knowledge

10. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Understanding How Students Interact with and Respond to Text Making textbook Adaptations Study Guides Text Highlighting Using Alternative Reading Materials Recording Text Content

11. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Effective Content-Area Assignments, Homework, and Tests Progress Monitoring – Teacher-Made Tests – High-Stakes Tests Alternative Assessment

12. Copyright © 2007 by Allyn & Bacon Planning Interdisciplinary Thematic Units Selecting the theme Organizing the theme Gathering materials and resources Designing activities and projects Implementing the Unit