1. FEDERALISTS VS. ANTI-FEDERALISTS Ratification

2. A Showdown Awaits For ratification, nine state conventions needed to approve the document After the convention, the Constitution was distributed widely in the states Two sides, clearly opposed, emerged  Federalists and Anti-Federalists Federalists (pro-constitution) – James Madison and Alexander Hamilton Anti-Federalists (anti-constitution) – Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Samuel Adams

3. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

4. John Hancock and Patrick Henry

5. The Viewpoints Federalists  For  Fixed the Articles of Confederation  Division of power between national and state governments  President to enforce laws  Raised money through taxes  Standing army  Bring stability and peace to the states  Fixed economic problems of the states Anti-Federalists  Against  No Bill of Rights  Federal taxation would hurt the economy  Too much power for central government  Limited power for state governments  No religious requirements  Doesn’t mention God  Don’t like standing army  Thought president may evolve into a monarchy

6. Nine States Ratify The ratification process was hotly contested in most states Delaware was the first New Hampshire was the ninth on June 21, 1788 New York and Virginia had yet to ratify  Union could not succeed without these states

7. Virginia and New York Virginia  Federalists led by Madison and Marshall  Anti-Federalists led by Henry and Mason  George Washington threw his support behind the Federalists  Able to sway Jefferson They ratify 89-79 New York  The Federalist is published to campaign  85 essays written by Hamilton (51), Madison (29) and Jay (5)  Originally written as letters  New York ratifies on July 26, 1788  11 states have now adopted the constitution

8. John Jay and The Federalist

9. The New Government Picked New York as a temporary capital First Wednesday in January to select electors for president First Wednesday in February to vote for president First Wednesday in March for inauguration of president Votes were not counted until April 6 th (lack of quorum) George Washington is unanimously elected president  Takes office on April 30, 1789 John Adams was elected vice president

10. George Washington and John Adams