1. A Conceptual Model for the Hydrometeor Structure of Mesoscale Convective Systems during the MJO Active Stage Hannah C. Barnes Robert A. Houze, Jr. University of Washington Presentation by H. Barnes at Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, State Callege, PA, August 15, 2014 Funded by NSF –Grant AGS 1059611 and DOE Grant DE-SC0008452

2. Kinematic Structure of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) ConvectiveStratiform Moncrieff (1992): Layer airflow Kingsmill and Houze (1999a): 3D structure

3. DYNAMO/AMIE – (Oct 2011 – Jan 2012) Addu Atoll, Maldives S-Band Single Doppler RHI sector and within 100 km Dual-polarimetric – Particle Identification Algorithm (Vivekanandan et al., 1999a) NCAR SPolKa Radar

4. Hydrometeor Types Heavy Rain Moderate Rain Light Rain Graupel/Rimed Aggregates Wet Aggregates Dry Aggregates Small Ice Crystals Horizontally-Oriented Ice Rain Mixed Phase Frozen

5. Spatial Compositing

6. Spatial Compositing: Case Selection SPolKa data during active phases Subjectively identify cases SPolKa radial velocity Layer lifting One per storm 25 Convective Cases 37 Stratiform Cases Convective: 24 Oct 2011 Stratiform: 23 December 2011 dBZ V r profile dBZ

7. Composite Structure X Scale Factor Z Scale Factor Radar Data 1.) Map kinematics and hydrometeors using radial velocity and PID 2.) Composite around layer lifting model Spatial Compositing: Methodology

8. Wet Aggregates Height Range Spatial Compositing: Results

9. Heavy RainModerate RainLight Rain Graupel Rimed Aggregates Wet Aggregates Dry Aggregates Small Ice Crystals Horz. Oriented Ice Convective Updraft Composites

10. Dry Aggregates Graupel/Rimed Aggregates Heavy Rain Wet AggregatesModerate Rain Small Ice Crystals Light Rain Hydrometeor Organization in Convective Updrafts Z X

11. Stratiform

12. Stratiform Composites Heavy Rain Light RainModerate Rain Graupel Rimed Aggregates Wet AggregatesDry AggregatesSmall Ice CrystalsHorz. Oriented Ice

13. Light Rain Graupel / Rimed Aggregates Wet Aggregates Horizontally Oriented Ice Dry Aggregates Small Ice Crystals 0˚C Moderate Rain Heavy Rain Hydrometeor Organization in Stratiform Z X

14. Conclusions ConvectiveStratiform Hydrometeor organization systematic Interpretation of microphysical processes Comparison of model output and radar observations