1. © Colin Frayn, 2008 www.frayn.net History of Civilisation Paleolithic (2.3 Myr – 20,000 BC) –Early stone age –The origin of simple tools, art, burial, villages Mesolithic (20,000 – 10,000 BC) –Middle stone age –Complex tools, archery, boats Neolithic (10,000 – 3,300 BC) –Late stone age –Pottery, agriculture, cities, trade Bronze age (3,300 – 1,300 BC) Iron Age (1,300 BC - 400 AD)

2. © Colin Frayn, 2008 www.frayn.net Civilisation in 2500 BC (When the flood allegedly occurred) Egyptians had just finished building the pyramids of Giza –The Old Kingdom stood between 3 rd and 6 th dynasties (c. 2686 – 2134 BC) –No record in Egyptian texts of a flood –Unbroken line of Egyptian pharoahs Stretches back to ~3150 BC Bristlecone pine “Methuselah” is 200 years old –Germinated ~ 2,700 BC –A global flood would have killed it Construction of Stonehenge begins

3. © Colin Frayn, 2008 www.frayn.net Civilisation in 4004 BC (The alleged year of creation) The Uruk period of Sumerian history The Chalcolithic (copper) age –Just before the Bronze age (~3300 BC) –First appearance of copper artefacts –First stable towns and cities –Trade routes established of over 1,000 miles The City of Mehrgarh –Located in Pakistan, discovered in 1974 –Continuously occupied 7000 – 2600 BC –Evidence of farming and herding before 5000 BC –Evidence of pottery, ornaments, burial sites 5000 BC: Development of writing, farming, rice, maize 4000 BC: Development of brewing, the wheel

4. © Colin Frayn, 2008 www.frayn.net The Oldest Farmers Farming arose before 10,000 BC –The “Neolithic Revolution” –The first domestication of plants Domestication of crops can be traced using DNA studies to identify age of common ancestors Individual grains can be dated using Carbon-14 7000 BC : Domestication of cattle & pigs 6000 BC : Farming reaches the banks of the Nile 5000 BC : Farming reached Western Europe