1. Push and Pull Factors in “El Norte” and “Lupita Manana”
Lidia Perez
Wri 117

2. Introduction
Immigration refers to the act of certain individual leaving their native country because of “push and pull” factors.
There is a “push-pull theory” which explains how immigrants are pushed out of their native land and are attract to another country.
Immigrants leave their hometown due to the lack of resources, jobs, few education opportunities and political fears and persecution.

3. Thesis
The push-pull theory of migration helps explains the movie “El Norte” by Gregory Nava and the novel “Lupita Manana” by Patricia Beatty because it gives a better understanding of the difficulties that immigrants have to face in order to go into another country. It will also helps people reflect on the meaning of the “American Dream” and the costs one incurs in seeking it.

4. El Norte Push Factors Pull Factors What is El Norte about?
Political fears and persecution
Poverty
Better living conditions
More educational opportunities
Have their own car
Safety

5. Lupita Manana Push factors Pull Factor What is it about? Poverty
Less job opportunities
Better job opportunities
Higher salaries
Better living conditions

6. Similarities Theme of immigration Undocumented immigrants
Cross the border
American Dream
Low income family
They have many dangerous adventures on their way north.
Gives a better understanding of the immigrants experiences

7. Differences El Norte Lupita Manana Lupita and Salvador are from Mexico
Enrique and Rosa are from Guatemala
Indegeans peasants
They leave their hometown due to the political and fears persucution
Rosa dies at the end of the story due to an illness call thypus which she contracted from the rat bites when crossing the border.
Lupita and Salvador are from Mexico
They leave Mexico due to poverty
Earn money to support
Want to help their mother and siblings

8. Conclusion
Gives us a better understanding of the immigrant experiences crossing the border illegally.
These two stories remind us that immigration is more than a concept it is about human being uprooting themselves from their homes and their families to try to make a new and better life.
It helps us prove how immigrants sometimes can make “American Dream” and sometimes not.
For example Lupita Manana shows how Lupita could escape from immigration authorities and resolves to learn English and to work hard to support her family.

9. Children Literature: Elena Fortun and Celia
Daisy Ramirez
Writing 117

10. Thesis
Elena Fortun’s most important contribution to Children Literature were her stories about Celia, who questions society and education, which is important because children during that time did not rebel, question, or go against what they were told.

11. Elena Fortun Actual name is Encarnacion Aragoneses Urquijo
Spaniard writer born on November 17, 1886
Education
Philosophy
Letters
Life
Married Eusebio de Gorbea Lemmi
Two children
Died May 8, 1952 at the age of 66

12. How Celia began Summers in Abades A small town in Segovia
Magazine Black and White in 1928

13. Celia Blonde 7 year old Belonged to the Spaniard bourgeoisie
Cuchifritin
Little Brother
Said what she thought
Questioned society, adults, and education
She was advanced for her time

14. Impact People actually thought she was real Asked Fortun:
How she was doing
If he had a boyfriend
If she ever though of getting married
Celia was Fortun’s most important and loved character because she called children’s attention to transmit her thoughts about society

15. Celia today Jose Luis Borau
1992
Produced a series of television shows about Celia
Is only known in Spain since Fortun did not publish outside of the country
Is not read as much since times have changed

16. Conclusion
Fortun used Celia for her own benefit since she was able to get across to children and see herself reflected in the little girl because she was the same way when she was a child. She opened their eyes to reality and that it was fine to question society, adults, and education.

17. Comparing and Contrasting

18. Similarities
As literature majors we are using fiction to represent reality.
We analyze the books of Lupita Manana, Celia, and the movie “El Norte”
We both have children as characters of the story
We came to the conclusion that literature is important in our lives because we learn about new things, and new cultures

19. Differences Lidia Daisy Push and Pull Theory Analyze
El Norte and Lupita Manana
Mexico and Guatemala
Topic: Immigration
Immigration affects males, females, and children
Analyze
Celia
Spain
Topic: Children Literature
Celia affected children’s thinking about society, education, and adults