1. Polarimetric Solid State Radar Design for CASA Student Test Bed
Alexandra Litchfield

2. Objective
To design a Dual Polarimetric Solid State Doppler Radar for the CASA student Test Bed.

3. Possible Radar Localization @ Aguadilla, PR

4. Possible Radar Localization @ Mayaguez, PR

5. Why Solid Sate Definition:
Solid State Devices and Systems are based entirely on semiconductor.
There is no mechanical action on a solid state device but electromagnetic action takes place.
Current is confined to solid elements.
Advantages:
Does not need a high voltage modulator.
Use less power (kW from Magnetron are eliminated)
Coherent radars can be made.
Pulse Compression can be used.
Coherent radar: se mantiene el control de la fase
Pulse compression: aumenta la resolucion en rango.

6. Radar Requirements Radar Freq: 9.5-9.6 GHz (X Band)
Peak Transmitter Power: 25W
Minimum Detectable Signal Power: -100dBm
Antenna Gain: 12dB
Horizontal Antenna Beam Width: 6 degrees
Vertical Antenna Beam Width: 6 degrees
Pulse Width: 30us
Max Range: 6km

7. Project Phases Radar Front End Digital Signal Processing
TR Module
Transmit/Receive Module Circuit Design
Component Layouts
Build and Test
Phase shifter
Phase shifter circuit design
Master clock distribution
Digital Signal Processing
Antenna Implementation
Integration
Este proyecto es bien abarcador por lo cual lo hemos dividido en fases.

8. TR Original Preliminary Design
Transmit Path PA
Directional
Coupler
Circ. IF
Limiter
OSC S
Combiner
Power
Receiver Path
LNA
Calibration Path IF

9. Preliminary Design for Radar Front End
Power
Combiner RF PA S
Cal
PreA
LNA Tx Rx LO
12 canales, por dos polarizaciones para un total de 24 canales.
Phase
shifter
Phase
shifter Ø Ø IF
Divider /
Combiner Tx Rx

10. Phase Shifter Preliminary Design
90 Hybrid
Variable Amp.
90 Hybrid ∑ ∑ I Q
90 Hybrid Ø Q I

11. Design with Vector Modulator Phase Shifter
Vcc2
Design with Vector Modulator Phase Shifter Tx
IF2 I
Vector
Mod
IF2 RF PA
Directional
Coupler
Circ. Q
Vcc1
LO2
Limiter
IF2 Q
20MHz
Combiner
Power
Noise I Rx
LO1
LNA IF
LO2
Vector
Mod
Vcc1
Vcc2
20MHz
LO1
IF1
IF1 I Q

12. One Polarization Channel
Circ.
Directional
Coupler
Cal Path
LNA
Limiter
Transmit Path
Receive Path
Combiner
Power PA
Noise
LO2
Vcc2
Vector
Mod
IF2
Phase shifter
LO1
Vcc1
IF1
LO1

13. Components Mixer: Alters the carrier frequency of the signal.
Oscillator: Controls the frequency used to sincronized the radar.
Directional Coupler / Power Divider: Couples part of the transmision power in to the transmision line.
Limiter: Circuit that allows to pass the unaffected received signal
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA): Amplifies weak signals captured by the antenna.
Circulator: Redirect signal that comes in an out from/to transmisor and receptor.

14. Radar’s Dual Polarized Antenna
Dual polarization Antenna Operating at 9.5GHz
Array of Apertured Coupled Antennas

15. Received Power Calculations
G=16dB; Ganancia
R=6km; Maximum Range
C=3x10^8 m/s; velocity of light
Pt=2W Power Transmitted by each channel.
H=30usec; Pulse Width
F= 9.5 GHz
Lambda=c/f =
K=dielectric factor (.93 for water)
Z=10dBz; 10=10log(P), P=10
MDS = -100dBm
N=2.66x10^9
G=39.81W
Pr=1uW=-30dBm
MDS = Minimum detectable signal.

16. Component Layout Power Amplifier Low Noise Amplifier HMC48LP5
HMC564LC4

17. Component Layout
Mixer
HMC412M58G

19. Future Work
To construct and measure parameters for the TR Module and Phase Shifter.
Digital Signal Processing.
Antenna Implementation
Integration
Test and Measure

20. Questions