1. Alzheimer's Disease Kai Lin Chase Upshaw January 27, 2010 Period 09-10

2. Summary of Alzheimer's It’s a progressive disease of the brain. Mainly characterized by memory loss. It was first recognized in the early 1900s. Symptoms  Personality changes  Frequent and unexplained mood swings  Difficulty/inability to do things they once where able to do  Temporary confusion while in normal environment  Difficulty finding words and keeping casual conversation

3. Where is this disorder located?

4. Where does it come from? Alzheimer's is still not entirely explained. The risks of have Alzheimer's are  11% if neither parents have Alzheimer‘s  36% if one parent has it  54% if both parents have the disease  40%-50% if an identical twin has it 68% of those with Alzheimer‘s in the U.S. are women. 85% of those with Alzheimer‘s in the U.S. are white.

5. What Are Alleles? Alleles is another way of saying genes. Alleles come from your parents. There are dominant alleles, represented with a capital letter, and recessive alleles, represented with lowercase letters. EXAMPLE: WW, ww, Ww Dominant alleles have more influence than recessive alleles.

6. Punnett Squares aa AAa aaa Aa AAAAa A aa aaa a aa AAa A Parent #1 Parent #2 Dominate Allele Recessive allele Homozygous Dominant Heterozygous Dominant Homozygous Recessive

7. Ratios and Percentages Ratios 2: 2 2 Aa : 2aa Percentages 50% : 50% 50% Aa : 50% aa Aa aAaaa aAaaa

8. What do the letters in the Punnett Square mean? AA or Aa- Dominant allele (Alzheimer’s) aa- Recessive allele (No Alzheimer’s) Phenotype (What you see) AA- Alzheimer’s gene Aa- Alzheimer's gene (carries the non-Alzheimer’s gene, but the Alzheimer’s gene dominates) aa- Non-Alzheimer’s gene Genotype (What is in the genes) AA- Homozygous Dominant (Alzheimer’s) Aa- Heterozygous Dominant (Alzheimer’s) aa- homozygous recessive (Non-Alzheimer’s)

9. Ratios and Percentages Cont. Phenotype Ratio- 2 Alzheimer’s : 2 Non-Alzheimer’s Percentage- 50% Alzheimer’s : 50% Non-Alzheimer’s Genotype Ratio- 2 Aa : 2 aa Percentage- 50% Aa : 50% aa Aa aAa aa aAaaa

10. Student Practice A a AA A a aa Aa Genotype Ratio 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1aa Percent 25% AA : 50% Aa : 25% aa Phenotype Ratio 3 Alzheimer’s : 1 Non- Alzheimer’s Percent 75% Alzheimer’s : 25% Non-Alzheimer’s

11. Hypothetical Pedigree Chart The white figures with the lines through them mean that the person died of something other than Alzheimer's Disease. The black figures with the lines through them mean that the person died of Alzheimer’s Disease. The black figures mean that the person has Alzheimer’s Disease while the white figures mean that the person does not have Alzheimer’s Disease.

12. More Student Practice Circle- Male Square- Female Half shaded in- Heterozygote Dominant Shaded in- Homozygote Dominant Not shaded in- Homozygote Recessive 1.What is the percentage of people in the second generation that have Alzheimer’s Disease? 2. How many people have the recessive gene? Dominant gene? 3. How many people do you think will have the homozygote dominant gene? Why?