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Chapter 11-3 Water Pollution
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Water Pollution Introduction of chemical, physical or biological agents that adversely affect the organisms that depend upon that water
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Point-source versus Nonpoint-source pollution
Point-source can be traced to a source Nonpoint –source comes from many different sources that are often hard to identify
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Pathogens Parasites, bacteria and viruses that cause illness in living things Many spend part of their life cycle in water Pathogens carried by water cause more human deaths than any other environmental problem
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Cholera Acute diarrhea Caused by bacteria
Infected food water, shellfish Heat kills cholera bacteria
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Dysentery Several bacteria and protozoa responsible
Vomiting, severe diarrhea Cause water contamination Heat kills most of these
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Typhoid Fever Salmonella Thyphi Only people carry the bacteria
Shed in feces Vaccination available Boil it , cook it, peel it or forget it
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Schistosomiasis Caused by microscopic worms
Enters through the skin of people who walk in infected water Attacks liver, urinary bladder, and intestines
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Schistosomiasis Africa, Middle East, Egypt 100 million people affected
1 million deaths annually Aswan Dam
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WAPI 158 degrees F
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Malaria Protozoan Transmitted by mosquito
The mosquitoes breed in standing water 800 million affected 1 million deaths annually
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Organic Matter Animal and plant remains, feces etc.
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Organic Chemicals Pesticides, fertilizer, gasoline, oil etc..
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Runoff from farmlands Organic pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
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Inorganic chemicals Acids, bases, salts, etc..
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Heavy Metals Dangerous heavy metals include: Mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium and Slipknot.
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Physical Agents Heat and suspended solids
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Wastewater Contains waste from homes or industry
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Treatment Primary – filtration and settling. Gets the big stuff out
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Secondary Aeration Second settling tank Chlorination to kill pathogens
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Artificial eutrophication
Caused by fertilizer run-off or other organic wastes
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Thermal Pollution Heat can be a type of water pollution Power Plants
Reservoirs
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Groundwater Pollution
Any polluted surface water can become polluted groundwater Very hard to clean up
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Ocean Pollution Oil spills – Exxon Valdez 1989 Plastics
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Cleaning up water pollution
Clean Water Act of 1972 Safe Drinking water act of 1996
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