1. The War Ends Chapter 19, Section 4

2. Widening the War Henry Kissinger- Nixon’s Security Adviser – Involved in secret peace negotiations in Paris – Trying to get “peace with honor” – Vietnamization Pulling US troops out and handing the fighting over to the South Vietnamese

3. Laos and Cambodia – Nixon was taking troops out of Vietnam… and sent them to Laos and Cambodia – He kept it a secret from the people, congress, some military leaders – Led to more problems After the death of Ho Chi Minh in 1969, North invaded the South

4. Increasing Protests Campus Violence – Kent State University May 2 nd, 1970- Antiwar demonstrators set the ROTC building on fire 2 days later- Students led a rally Troops were sent to break up the demonstration, but students started throwing rocks and yelling Soldiers started shooting 4 dead, 9 hurt

5. More and More People were Against the War – Radical Groups The Weathermen set off over 5,000 bombs as a sign of protest My Lai – March 1968- Search and Destroy mission 450 women, children, elderly men were killed – My Lai Massacre was kept quiet Commander Calley charged with murder

6. Pentagon Papers – 1971- New York Times – They got their hands on government documents that showed the history of the war – Involvement in Vietnam since Truman – Showed that the government was lying – Nixon was mad and embarrassed – Daniel Ellsberg

7. End of US Involvement Election of 1972 – Nixon was up for re- election – George McGovern was the democratic choice Outspoken against the war – McGovern hoped the 26 th Amendment would help him win 26 th Amendment- Voting age changes from 21 to 18

8. Peace – Nixon and Kissinger announced they were close to peace Nixon Won – Peace wasn’t that close – To get the North to give in, the US started heavily bombing cities – In 1973, peace was reached US would withdraw troops and help rebuild Vietnam

9. Legacy of Vietnam Did the US help? – In April of 1975, the North invaded the South and took over – Americans were rushing to get out before it was too late – Many Vietnamese wanted to escape too

10. Cambodia – Communist Khmer Rouge slaughtered 1.5 million – Vietnam invaded in 1979 and overthrew the Khmer Rouge – Occupation lasted until 1989

11. Effects on Southeast Asia – Death Count South Vietnamese Soldiers: 185,000 South Vietnamese Civilians: 450,000 Vietcong and NVA: About 1,000,000 – Environment 8 million tons of bombs dropped destroyed the jungles Food and water was contaminated – 700,000 Refugees in US

12. Effects on the Vets – About 58,000 Killed in the Vietnam War – About 600 POWs – About 2,500 MIA – About 300,000 Injured – The stuff used to kill plants caused cancer – Many can’t adjust to civilian life Shell Shock

13. Effects on Politics – US spent $150 billion on the war – Didn’t stop Communism – National Debt and Inflation – War Powers Act 1973 Reminds the executive branch that Congress have the right to declare war 60-Day limit on action without congress consent