1. Blood Chapter 12 Objectives: Identify components of blood.
Describe blood cell formation.
Distinguish among human blood groups.

2. Blood and Blood Cells Blood consists of: Liquid portion – plasma
Solid portion:
Red blood cells (RBC’s)
White blood cells (WBC’s)
Platelets

3. Blood Volume & Composition
Average adult has blood volume of about 5 liters (5.3 quarts or ______ gallons).
Men – about 1.5 gallons
Women – about gallons
Hematocrit – the % of cells per volume in a blood sample
Normal is about 45%.
What does it mean if the percentage is low?
What does it mean if the percentage is high?

4. RBC’s AKA, erythrocytes Biconcave disks (???)
Increases the surface area through which gases can diffuse
Places the cell membrane closer to oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the cell

5. RBC’s, continued….. Hemoglobin:
Makes up about 1/3 of RBC
Protein – responsible for color of blood (???)
Oxyhemoglobin – bright red
Deoxyhemoglobin – darker
RBC’s extrude (???) their nuclei when mature
Makes more room for hemoglobin
Cannot divide

6. RBC Count (RBCC or RCC) The number of RBC’s in a mm3 of blood
4,600, 000 – 6,200,000 for men
4,200,000 – 5,400,000 for women
How much is 1 mm3?

7. RBC Production and Control
Hemapoiesis: RBC’s are produced in yolk sac, liver, spleen, and red bone marrow
Average life span of RBC = 120 days
Production is controlled by a homeostatic mechanism controlled by the hormone erythropoietin.

8. RBC Production Control
Decreased environmental oxygen levels stimulate kidneys and liver to release erythropoietin.
Erythropoietin travels to red bone marrow and stimulates RBC production.
New RBC’s appear in the blood in a few days.
When oxygen levels return to normal, erythropoietin levels and RBC production both decrease.

9. Destruction of RBC’s
RBC’s, especially older ones, can be damaged by passing through capillaries.
Damaged RBC’s are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen and liver.
The leftover hemoglobin is broken down, and the iron portion may be returned to the red bone marrow to be reused to make new hemoglobin.

10. White Blood Cells (WBC’s)
AKA, leukocytes
What is their job?
5 types of WBC’s – differ in:
Size
Nature of their cytoplasm
Nucleus shape
Staining characteristics

11. Types of WBC’s
Use the information found on pp to complete the table. Some info can be found in Table 12.1, p.314.
Type of WBC
Size
Nature of Cytoplasm
Nucleus Shape and Description
Functions
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte