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1 Earth as a System 1.1 A New View of Earth
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System EXIT CHAPTER 1.1 A New View of Earth 1.2 The Earth System’s Four Spheres 1.3 Cycles and the Earth CHAPTER OUTLINE
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1 1.1 A New View of Earth Earth as a System
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.1 A New View of Earth VOCABULARY Technological advances and environmental incidents have encouraged scientists to look at Earth as a system. This new view of Earth is called Earth system science. Earth system science model system closed system open system A system is a type of model that allows scientists to study a process or phenomenon with time as a variable. Closed System Open System SECTION OUTLINE
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Energy reflected to space
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.1 A New View of Earth VOCABULARY Because it exchanges little matter with its surroundings, Earth is an essentially closed system. Earth system science model system Energy from the sun Energy reflected to space Hydrogen sometimes escapes Earth’s atmosphere Meteorites sometimes enter Earth’s atmosphere closed system open system Earth system science helps scientists understand the human impact on Earth. SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System Earth system science
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY Earth system science model Earth system science system The study of Earth materials and processes subdivided into a group of four interconnected spheres of activity: atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. closed system open system SECTION OUTLINE
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CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY Earth system science model model system A simplified representation of an object, process, or phenomenon, used as the basis for further study or investigation. closed system open system SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System system
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY Earth system science model system system A naturally occurring group of objects or phenomena that share matter and energy, for example, the four spheres of the Earth system. closed system open system SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System closed system
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY Earth system science model closed system system A system in which energy can enter or leave, but matter cannot. closed system open system SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System open system
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY Earth system science model open system system A system in which there is a free exchange of both energy and matter between the system and its surroundings. closed system open system SECTION OUTLINE
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1.2 The Earth System’s Four Spheres
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.2 The Earth System’s Four Spheres VOCABULARY atmosphere geosphere The Earth system includes four spheres: the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. hydrosphere biosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere SECTION OUTLINE
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1.2 The Earth System’s Four Spheres
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.2 The Earth System’s Four Spheres VOCABULARY atmosphere geosphere The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth. The geosphere consists of all the physical features on Earth except water. hydrosphere Earth’s water makes up the hydrosphere. biosphere Living things, including plants, animals, and people, make up the biosphere. Rock formations can result from interactions among the four spheres. The spheres interact and change constantly. SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System atmosphere
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY atmosphere geosphere atmosphere hydrosphere The gaseous envelope of air surrounding Earth, made up of a mixture of about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases and water vapor; one of the four spheres of the Earth system. biosphere SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System geosphere
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY atmosphere geosphere geosphere hydrosphere The rocks, mountains, lithospheric plates, and other physical features of Earth, except for water; one of the four spheres of the Earth system. biosphere SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System hydrosphere
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY atmosphere geosphere hydrosphere hydrosphere All water in the Earth system—gaseous, solid, and liquid; one of the four spheres of the Earth system. biosphere SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System biosphere
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY atmosphere geosphere biosphere hydrosphere All living organisms in the Earth system and their environments; one of the four spheres of the Earth system. biosphere SECTION OUTLINE
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1 1.3 Cycles and the Earth Earth as a System
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.3 Cycles and the Earth VOCABULARY All water on Earth is continually moving through the water cycle, which includes evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), and precipitation. cycle water cycle evapotranspiration carbon cycle energy cycle Condensation solar energy Precipitation geothermal energy tidal energy Runoff Groundwater Evaporation SECTION OUTLINE
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1 1.3 Cycles and the Earth Earth as a System
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.3 Cycles and the Earth VOCABULARY A biogeochemical cycle involves the movement of an element, such as carbon, through the four spheres of the Earth system. cycle water cycle evapotranspiration carbon cycle Forest fires add CO2 to the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 into the atmosphere. Volcanoes add CO2 to the atmosphere. Humans and other animals exhale CO2. Carbon compounds can be stored in and release from the ocean. energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 1.3 Cycles and the Earth Earth as a System
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME 1.3 Cycles and the Earth VOCABULARY The energy cycle of the Earth system has three main energy sources: solar energy, geothermal energy, and tidal energy. cycle water cycle evapotranspiration carbon cycle Sources of Earth’s Energy Type of Energy % of Total Energy energy cycle Solar 99.895 Geothermal 0.013 Tidal 0.002 solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy Human activity can have an impact on the interactions of Earth’s cycles. SECTION OUTLINE
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CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle cycle evapotranspiration The physical or chemical processing of Earth materials that repeats over time, for example, the water cycle, carbon cycle, and rock cycle. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System water cycle
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle water cycle evapotranspiration The continuous circulation of water through the hydrosphere as solid, liquid, or gas. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System evapotranspiration
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle evapotranspiration evapotranspiration The rapid cycling of water vapor into the atmosphere by evaporation from Earth’s surface or transpiration from plant leaves. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System carbon cycle
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle carbon cycle evapotranspiration The biogeochemical circulation of carbon through the Earth system. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System energy cycle
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle energy cycle evapotranspiration The movement of energy into and out of the Earth system. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System solar energy Energy emitted by the sun.
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle solar energy evapotranspiration Energy emitted by the sun. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System geothermal energy
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle geothermal energy evapotranspiration Heat energy that originates from within Earth and drives the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System tidal energy
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY cycle water cycle tidal energy evapotranspiration Energy created by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon on Earth’s oceans. carbon cycle energy cycle solar energy geothermal energy tidal energy SECTION OUTLINE
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1 Earth as a System I. A New View of Earth
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY I. A New View of Earth Earth system science A. Past Perceptions Meet New Issues model B. The Rise of Earth System Science system C. What Is a System closed system D. A Planetary System open system E. Nature, Science, and Human Policy KEY IDEA SUMMARY
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II. The Earth System’s Four Spheres
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY II. The Earth System’s Four Spheres atmosphere A. The Atmosphere geosphere B. The Geosphere hydrosphere C. The Hydrosphere biosphere D. The Biosphere E. Interactions Among the Spheres F. How Interactions Change the Spheres KEY IDEA SUMMARY
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III. The Earth System’s Four Spheres
CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME VOCABULARY III. The Earth System’s Four Spheres cycle A. The Water Cycle water cycle B. The Carbon Cycle evapotranspiration C. The Energy Cycle carbon cycle D. The Laws of Thermodynamics energy cycle E. The Effects of Earth’s Surface solar energy F. Human Activity and the Cycles geothermal energy tidal energy KEY IDEA SUMMARY
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CHAPTER 1 Earth as a System CHAPTER HOME This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the CHAPTER HOME button or exit the presentation.
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