1. Replenishing the Wellspring: Exploring Counselor Wellness and Resiliency Presented by Elizabeth Venart (2008) Power Point information developed by Elizabeth Venart and the American Counseling Association’s Task Force on Counselor Wellness & Impairment

2. Agenda Why we need well counselors Why we need well counselors Risk factors for helping professionals Risk factors for helping professionals Research on counselor wellness Research on counselor wellness Assessment tools Assessment tools How counselors can enhance their wellness How counselors can enhance their wellness Organizational considerations Organizational considerations

3. Replenishing the wellspring What is meant by counselor wellness and resiliency? What is meant by counselor wellness and resiliency? Why is it essential that we prioritize our own wellness—as counselors and substance abuse professionals? Why is it essential that we prioritize our own wellness—as counselors and substance abuse professionals?

4. Why is wellness important for counselors? “It is not possible to give to others what you do not possess” (Corey, 2000)

5. Why is wellness important for counselors? Counselor effectiveness depends more on the personal characteristics of counselors than on school, training, or theory (Hanna, & Bemak, 1997) Counselor effectiveness depends more on the personal characteristics of counselors than on school, training, or theory (Hanna, & Bemak, 1997) Personal wellness, therefore, has an impact on counselor effectiveness with clients (Skovholt, 2001). Personal wellness, therefore, has an impact on counselor effectiveness with clients (Skovholt, 2001).

6. Wellness defined “Wellness is the hallmark characteristic of those whose lives achieve the balance between self, life, and others”—Witmer & Granello 2005 “Wellness is the hallmark characteristic of those whose lives achieve the balance between self, life, and others”—Witmer & Granello 2005 “Wellness is both... an overarching goal for living and a day-by-day, minute-by-minute way of being”—Myers & Sweeney 2005 “Wellness is both... an overarching goal for living and a day-by-day, minute-by-minute way of being”—Myers & Sweeney 2005

7. 7 Why Wellness Is an Issue Well-counselors are more likely to produce well-clients Well-counselors are more likely to produce well-clients – Modeling – Better able to Connect – More attentive to emotional and cognitive content – More energy and creativity in session – Less likely to violate boundaries

8. What is wellness? Analogy of the well Analogy of the well –A well sustains itself with a continuous flow of water when it has sources and is regularly replenished (Milsum, 1984). The amount of reserve is a far more significant indicator of a healthy water supply than the force of water at any given moment. Without a reserve, the well dries up quickly and is no longer able to sustain. Well human beings must have reserves because overall wellness depends far more on these reserves than on performance at any given moment (Milsum, 1984).

9. Replenishing the wellspring What replenishes your wellspring and sustains your resiliency? What replenishes your wellspring and sustains your resiliency? What helps to fill your reserve? What helps to fill your reserve? –What do you do to unwind at the end of the day? –What brings you satisfaction and joy? –What helps you derive meaning from your work?

10. Definition of impairment Therapeutic impairment occurs when there is a significant negative impact on a counselor’s professional functioning which compromises client care or poses the potential for harm to the client. Impairment may be due to: Substance abuse or chemical dependency Substance abuse or chemical dependency Mental illness Mental illness Personal crisis (traumatic events or vicarious trauma, burnout, life crisis) Personal crisis (traumatic events or vicarious trauma, burnout, life crisis) Physical illness or debilitation Physical illness or debilitation

11. 11 Impairment in and of itself does not imply unethical behavior. Such behavior may occur as a symptom of impairment, or may occur in counselors who are not impaired.

12. 12 Counselors who are impaired are distinguished from stressed or distressed counselors who are experiencing significant stressors, but whose work is not significantly impacted. Similarly, it is assumed that an impaired counselor has at some point had a sufficient level of clinical competence, which has become diminished as described above.

13. WellImpairedStressedDistressed

14. Professional Wellness involves: Professional Wellness involves: –Balance –Boundaries/Limit setting –Getting support –Strategies for coping –Professional training –Evaluation of own healing –Replenishment Models of Wellness: A Holistic Focus

15. Environmental (Work Setting) Wellness involves: Environmental (Work Setting) Wellness involves: –The Physical work setting –Value system of work place –Job tasks & Personnel Guidelines –Supervisory/Management support –Collegiality Models of Wellness: A Holistic Focus

16. Special Risks Challenges to Wellness Skovholt 2001 Our inability to say no-The treadmill effect Our inability to say no-The treadmill effect Living in an Ocean of Emotional Stress Living in an Ocean of Emotional Stress Ambiguous Professional Loss-Ending before the Ending Ambiguous Professional Loss-Ending before the Ending The Covert Nature of the Work The Covert Nature of the Work Constant Empathy, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and One-Way Caring Constant Empathy, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and One-Way Caring

17. Special Risks Challenges to Wellness Skovholt 2001 Elusive Measures of Success and Normative Failure Elusive Measures of Success and Normative Failure Regulation, Oversight and Control by External, Often Unknowing Others Regulation, Oversight and Control by External, Often Unknowing Others Cognitive Deprivation Cognitive Deprivation Cynical, Critical, Negative Colleagues and Managers Cynical, Critical, Negative Colleagues and Managers Legal and Ethical Fears Legal and Ethical Fears

18. Special Risks Challenges to Wellness Skovholt 2001 Cognitive Deprivation Cognitive Deprivation Cynical, Critical, Negative Colleagues and Managers Cynical, Critical, Negative Colleagues and Managers Legal and Ethical Fears Legal and Ethical Fears Practitioner Emotional Trauma Practitioner Emotional Trauma Practitioner Physical Trauma Practitioner Physical Trauma

19. 19 Unreasonably Large Caseloads Large percent of clients with trauma Large percent of clients with high risk behaviors Administrative Supervision (as opposed to Clinical Supervision) Current policies interfere with doing what is best for clients Denial of negative impact of work—or fear of negative evaluation by others Individual and Systemic Barriers

20. 20 Burnout Compassion Fatigue Vicarious Traumatization When Wellness is Eroded

21. Burnout Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996 Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization & reduced feelings of personal accomplishment Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization & reduced feelings of personal accomplishment Typically attributed to work environment or job choice Typically attributed to work environment or job choice Vacation or a job change helps considerably Vacation or a job change helps considerably

22. Compassion fatigue Figley 1995 “A function of bearing witness to the suffering of others” “A function of bearing witness to the suffering of others” Feeling deep sympathy for another’s suffering—and a desire to alleviate the pain Feeling deep sympathy for another’s suffering—and a desire to alleviate the pain Professional Quality of Life Assessment (ProQOL)—www.proqol.org Professional Quality of Life Assessment (ProQOL)—www.proqol.org

23. 23 Experiencing the trauma our clients have suffered, or recalling our own past traumas due to the exposure through our clients. Pearlman and Saakvitne, 1995 Vicarious Traumatization

24. Vicarious traumatization Pearlman & Saakvitne 1995 Changes in the self of the helper as a result of empathic connection with the pain of those who have been traumatized Changes in the self of the helper as a result of empathic connection with the pain of those who have been traumatized – Special focus on changes in meaning – Inevitable – Unique – Cumulative – Modifiable

25. 25 And then the most insidious of challenges…. LIFE When Wellness is Eroded

26. 26 What We Know About Counselor Impairment from the ACA Task Force’s Research Survey of the ACA Membership Survey of the ACA Membership Most counselors have known a counselor they would consider impaired (63.5%) In those cases Supervisors (54.3%) and Colleagues (64.2%) were also aware of the impairment In most cases the impaired counselor did not receive disciplinary (77.8%) action or therapeutic intervention (73.7%)

27. WellImpairedStressedDistressed When asked about their own wellness ACA members reported: 81% - Well 15% - Stressed 4% - Distressed0% - Impaired

28. WellImpairedStressedDistressed When asked about their colleagues wellness ACA members reported: 47% - Well 33% - Stressed 12% - Distressed4% - Impaired

29. Counselor Caseloads

30. Percent of Caseloads that is High-risk

31. Professional Quality of Life Burnout – Global Mean 18.37, was significantly LOWER than the published norm (22) Compassion Fatigue – Global Mean 10.05 was significantly LOWER than the published mean (13) AND The Global Mean for Compassion Satisfaction (39.84) was significantly HIGHER than the published mean (37).

32. Professional Quality of Life 14.2% of counselors scored below the cut score (32) for Compassion Satisfaction 5.2% of counselors scored above the cut-point (28) for Burnout 10.8% of participants scored above cut-point (17) for Compassion Fatigue/Vicarious Traumatization

33. Support Through Personal Counseling 83% of counselors have sought personal counseling Maintaining Counselor Wellness

34. Career Sustaining Behaviors Top 5 CSBs Maintain sense of humor Spend time with partner/family Maintain balance between professional and personal lives Maintain self-awareness Maintain sense of control over work responsibilities

35. Career Sustaining Behaviors Bottom 7 CSBs Discuss work frustrations with spouse/partner/family Engage in formal relaxation activities Receive regular clinical supervision Participate in personal therapy Participate in peer support groups Discuss work frustrations with friends Use substances to relax.

36. Career Sustaining Behaviors CSBs Practiced by the Most Satisfied Counselors Reaching Out Participate in personal therapy Discuss work frustrations with friends Participate in peer support groups Receive regular supervision

37. Finding Support Internally and Externally Maintain professional distance from clients Discuss work frustrations with colleagues Seek case consultation Maintain regular contact with referral networks Engage in quiet leisure activities Turn to spiritual beliefs Spend time alone in self reflection Use positive self talk Career Sustaining Behaviors CSBs Practiced by the Most Satisfied Counselors

38. Staying Current and Seeking Renewal Read literature to keep up-to-date Participate in continuing education Discuss work frustrations with spouse/partner/family Take regular vacations Career Sustaining Behaviors CSBs Practiced by the Most Satisfied Counselors

39. Striving for Perspective Perceive clients problems as interesting Discuss work frustrations with spouse/partner/family Discuss work frustrations with friends. Career Sustaining Behaviors CSBs Practiced by the Most Satisfied Counselors

40. Work Related Strategies Read literature to keep up to date Participate in continuing education Maintain professional identity Maintain sense of control over work responsibilities Try to maintain objectivity about clients Perceive clients' problems as interesting

41. Wellness defined “Wellness is the hallmark characteristic of those whose lives achieve the balance between self, life, and others”—Witmer & Granello 2005 “Wellness is the hallmark characteristic of those whose lives achieve the balance between self, life, and others”—Witmer & Granello 2005 “Wellness is both... an overarching goal for living and a day-by-day, minute-by-minute way of being”—Myers & Sweeney 2005 “Wellness is both... an overarching goal for living and a day-by-day, minute-by-minute way of being”—Myers & Sweeney 2005

42. Assessing Wellness Professional Quality of Life http://www.isu.edu/~bhstamm/documents/proqol/ProQOL_vIV_E nglish_Oct05.htm 5F-Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle www.mindgarden.com

43. Physical Cognitive Emotional Social Spiritual Balance Wellness Strategies Across Domains

44. Physical Wellness Good nutrition Good nutrition Exercise—Finding activities you enjoy Exercise—Finding activities you enjoy Routine medical care Routine medical care Adequate sleep Adequate sleep Movement/stretching during the day Movement/stretching during the day

45. Physical Wellness The impact of stress on physical health The impact of stress on physical health Strategies to reduce stress Strategies to reduce stress – Deep breathing – Meditation – Setting limits

46. Cognitive Wellness Definition from Travis & Ryan (2004): The individual’s capacity for insight, intelligent thought, and creative problem-solving. The individual’s capacity for insight, intelligent thought, and creative problem-solving. Awareness of one’s thoughts and the interrelationship between thinking and perception, feelings, body states, and behavior. Awareness of one’s thoughts and the interrelationship between thinking and perception, feelings, body states, and behavior. Ability to focus and concentrate, think affirming thoughts, and transform counter-productive thinking patterns. Ability to focus and concentrate, think affirming thoughts, and transform counter-productive thinking patterns.

47. Cognitive wellness Identifying self talk Identifying self talk Countering counter-productive internalized messages Countering counter-productive internalized messages Addressing perfectionism Addressing perfectionism Learning to be kind to ourselves Learning to be kind to ourselves

48. Cognitive wellness Calming one’s mind Calming one’s mind Engaging one’s mind Engaging one’s mind – Reading professional literature – Taking a course – Hobbies – Travel Getting perspective Getting perspective

49. Cognitive wellness Celebrating successes Celebrating successes – Noticing small positives – Sharing victories in supervision – Keeping a success journal – Creating a “thank you” folder/file

50. Emotional wellness Definition from Travis & Ryan (2004): An individual’s awareness and acceptance of their emotions as well as their ability to experience a full range of emotions and find constructive ways to express them. Reflected in a person’s ability to cry, experience joy, accept compliments, acknowledge their fears, say no without feeling guilty, and openly express feelings of love.

51. Emotional wellness Ways to nurture emotional wellness: Tuning in to our emotions Tuning in to our emotions Expressing our emotions Expressing our emotions

52. Emotional wellness Tuning in to emotion Tuning in to emotion – Not escape/avoidance – Acknowledging our feelings – Spending time with animals – Spending time with healthy children – Watching movies and reading books – Spending time in connection & conversation

53. Emotional wellness Expressing the whole range of emotions Expressing the whole range of emotions – Sadness, anger, joy, pride, disappointment, grief, frustration, happiness, fear, love, etc. – Laughter – Crying – Talking – Writing – Music

54. Interpersonal Wellness Prioritizing time with people we love Prioritizing time with people we love Being authentic & spontaneous in our interactions with people Being authentic & spontaneous in our interactions with people Ability to ask for and receive support Ability to ask for and receive support

55. Interpersonal Wellness –Spend time with partner, family, and friends –Surround yourself with people whose energy is uplifting –Limit one-way caring relationships –Share both your challenges and your joys

56. Interpersonal Wellness –Obtain quality clinical supervision –Get regular case consultation –Participate in personal therapy –Begin a peer support group

57. Spiritual wellness A sense of interconnectedness and/or connection to something greater than yourself A sense of interconnectedness and/or connection to something greater than yourself – “Whatever deeply touches and accesses a person’s soul is his or her religion.”—Bradford Keeney 2005 The importance of meaning The importance of meaning – What do you find meaningful? – How can you focus on meaning in your work?

58. Spiritual wellness Prayer Prayer Meditation Meditation Qi Gong, Tai Chi, Yoga Qi Gong, Tai Chi, Yoga Quiet time for self-reflection Quiet time for self-reflection Time in nature Time in nature Join a spiritual community Join a spiritual community Read spiritual writings Read spiritual writings

59. Wellness in the workplace Challenges across setting Challenges across setting Building a professional support network Building a professional support network Daily practices that promote wellness Daily practices that promote wellness – Strategies within the day – Strategies within the session – Balance within the workday and week Dare to vision the “Best of all possible worlds” Dare to vision the “Best of all possible worlds”

60. Balance Balance and variety in work-related tasks Balance and variety in work-related tasks Balance within each day and week Balance within each day and week Balance between work and leisure Balance between work and leisure Sufficient time with family and friends Sufficient time with family and friends

61. Developing a “culture of wellness” Next steps for individual counselors Next steps for individual counselors – Ongoing assessment of personal wellness – Assessment of workplace wellness – Developing concrete plans – Building supportive professional networks – Sharing wellness information

62. 62 Website URL: Website URL: http://www.counseling.org/wellness_ta skforce/index.htm ACA Task Force on Counselor Wellness & Impairment

63. Elizabeth Venart’s Websites www.counselorwellness.com www.counselorwellness.com www.counselorwellness.com www.elizabethvenart.com www.elizabethvenart.com www.elizabethvenart.com www.theresiliencycenter.com www.theresiliencycenter.com www.theresiliencycenter.com

64. Assessing Wellness Professional Quality of Life http://www.isu.edu/~bhstamm/documents/proqol/ProQOL_vIV_E nglish_Oct05.htm 5F-Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle www.mindgarden.com

65. The Indivisible Self Model of Wellness (Sweeney & Myers, 2001)

66. Indivisible Self: Evidence-Based Model of Wellness (IS-WEL) Original Wheel of Wellness Model developed by Myers, Sweeney & Witmer Original Wheel of Wellness Model developed by Myers, Sweeney & Witmer Revised using Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling by Myers, Luecht, & Sweeney, 2004 Revised using Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling by Myers, Luecht, & Sweeney, 2004 Higher order, indivisible self factor Higher order, indivisible self factor Five second order factors and seventeen third order factors Five second order factors and seventeen third order factors

67. Indivisible Self Model (Sweeney & Myers, 2001) – Creative Self: Thinking, emotion, control, work, positive humor – Coping Self: Leisure, stress management, self- worth, realistic beliefs – Social Self: Friendship and love relationships – Essential Self: Spirituality, gender identity, cultural identity, and self-care – Physical Self: Exercise and nutrition

68. Myers (1991) emphasizes the need to develop wellness life-styles as counselors, as we “cannot promote what we do not first believe and model.”

69. The Creative Self Combination of qualities that make up the unique self, guide our social interactions, and allow us to positively interpret the world. (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Combination of qualities that make up the unique self, guide our social interactions, and allow us to positively interpret the world. (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) “Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to adapt to almost any situation and to make do with whatever is at hand to reach their goals” (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996, p.51). “Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to adapt to almost any situation and to make do with whatever is at hand to reach their goals” (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996, p.51).

70. The Creative Self Wisdom is defined as “a particular set of cognitive and affective traits that are directly related to the possession and development of life skills and understanding necessary for living a life of well-being, fulfillment, effective coping, and insight into the nature of self, others, environment, and interpersonal interactions” (Hanna, Bemak, & Chung, 1999, p.126). Wisdom is defined as “a particular set of cognitive and affective traits that are directly related to the possession and development of life skills and understanding necessary for living a life of well-being, fulfillment, effective coping, and insight into the nature of self, others, environment, and interpersonal interactions” (Hanna, Bemak, & Chung, 1999, p.126).

71. Creative Self Thinking Thinking Emotions Emotions Control Control Work Work Positive humor Positive humor

72. Thinking Overview Being mentally active, open-minded, curious, creative and experimental, able to change thoughts to manage stress & to use effective problem-solving to resolve social conflicts (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Being mentally active, open-minded, curious, creative and experimental, able to change thoughts to manage stress & to use effective problem-solving to resolve social conflicts (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Those who have flexible thinking styles tend to have better health and less stress-related behaviors (Pennebaker, 1997) Those who have flexible thinking styles tend to have better health and less stress-related behaviors (Pennebaker, 1997)

73. Thinking Strengths & Hazards for counselors Counselors may minimize own struggles when unfairly contrasting them with clients’ struggles Counselors may minimize own struggles when unfairly contrasting them with clients’ struggles Can get caught in negative thinking patterns & unrealistic beliefs (Young, 2005) Can get caught in negative thinking patterns & unrealistic beliefs (Young, 2005) More satisfied counselors rate positive self-talk significantly higher than their less-satisfied peers (Stevanovic & Rupert, 2004) More satisfied counselors rate positive self-talk significantly higher than their less-satisfied peers (Stevanovic & Rupert, 2004) Counselors may place a greater value on education and thinking, regularly engaging in intellectual discussions that promote thoughtful discovery Counselors may place a greater value on education and thinking, regularly engaging in intellectual discussions that promote thoughtful discovery

74. Thinking Strategies for integration Attend professional conferences and professional trainings to nurture cognitive flexibility (Williams & Sommer, 1995) Attend professional conferences and professional trainings to nurture cognitive flexibility (Williams & Sommer, 1995) Read professional literature—books, journals, etc. Read professional literature—books, journals, etc. Assume a stance of curiosity in work with clients Assume a stance of curiosity in work with clients Meditate daily Meditate daily Read inspirational books Read inspirational books WAYSS—A self-assessment tool to help counselors individuals identify their coping styles http://www.mindgarden.com/products/wayss.htm WAYSS—A self-assessment tool to help counselors individuals identify their coping styles http://www.mindgarden.com/products/wayss.htm http://www.mindgarden.com/products/wayss.htm

75. Thinking Strategies for Integration Calming one’s mind (meditation, deep breathing) Calming one’s mind (meditation, deep breathing) Celebrating successes Celebrating successes – Noticing small positives – Sharing victories in supervision – Keeping a success journal – Creating a “thank you” folder/file Engaging one’s mind Engaging one’s mind – Reading professional literature – Taking a course – Hobbies – Travel

76. Emotions Overview Being aware of or in touch with one’s feelings; being able to express one’s feelings appropriately; being able to enjoy positive emotions as well as being able to cope with negative emotions; having a sense of energy; avoiding chronic negative emotional states (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Being aware of or in touch with one’s feelings; being able to express one’s feelings appropriately; being able to enjoy positive emotions as well as being able to cope with negative emotions; having a sense of energy; avoiding chronic negative emotional states (Myers & Sweeney, 2004).

77. Emotions Overview Avoiding talking about major life stressors has been linked to “recurrent unwanted thoughts, higher levels of anxiety and depression, insomnia, and a variety of health problems” (Pennebaker, 1997, p.25). Avoiding talking about major life stressors has been linked to “recurrent unwanted thoughts, higher levels of anxiety and depression, insomnia, and a variety of health problems” (Pennebaker, 1997, p.25). Negative emotional states may have decreased willingness to seek medical care and were more often associated with smoking, drinking, and binge eating (Salovey, Rothman, Detweiler, & Steward, 2000). Negative emotional states may have decreased willingness to seek medical care and were more often associated with smoking, drinking, and binge eating (Salovey, Rothman, Detweiler, & Steward, 2000).

78. Emotions Overview Positive emotional states, such as humor and optimism, may facilitate healthy behavioral practices and information-seeking, as well as the ability to cope with illness-related stressors and their resiliency when facing stressful events (Salovey, Rothman, Detweiler, & Steward, 2000). Positive emotional states, such as humor and optimism, may facilitate healthy behavioral practices and information-seeking, as well as the ability to cope with illness-related stressors and their resiliency when facing stressful events (Salovey, Rothman, Detweiler, & Steward, 2000). Positive emotions produce not only a pleasant momentary state, but contribute to psychological growth & improved well-being over time (Fredrickson, 2001). Positive emotions produce not only a pleasant momentary state, but contribute to psychological growth & improved well-being over time (Fredrickson, 2001).

79. Emotions Strengths and Hazards Counselors continually connect through empathy to emotional pain and distress Counselors continually connect through empathy to emotional pain and distress Vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, burnout Vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, burnout Modalities that emphasize the importance of thinking over emotions may thwart counselor identification & expression of feelings Modalities that emphasize the importance of thinking over emotions may thwart counselor identification & expression of feelings Through their work, counselors may become aware of previously unrecognized emotions—and then deal with them instead of stuffing them (Roach, 2005) Through their work, counselors may become aware of previously unrecognized emotions—and then deal with them instead of stuffing them (Roach, 2005) Experiential approaches to counseling contribute to the expression of emotion via creative outlets for counselors & clients Experiential approaches to counseling contribute to the expression of emotion via creative outlets for counselors & clients

80. Emotions Strategies for integration Spending time with animals (Stanley- Hermanns & Miller, 2002) Spending time with animals (Stanley- Hermanns & Miller, 2002) Spending time with healthy children (Pearlman, 1995) Spending time with healthy children (Pearlman, 1995) Participate as a client in nonverbal healing modalities (e.g. art & music therapy, polarity therapy, massage) Participate as a client in nonverbal healing modalities (e.g. art & music therapy, polarity therapy, massage) Keeping a journal Keeping a journal Listening to and creating music Listening to and creating music

81. Emotions Strategies for Integration Expressing the whole range of emotions Expressing the whole range of emotions – Sadness, anger, joy, pride, disappointment, grief, frustration, happiness, fear, love, etc. – Laughter—of the belly ache variety! – Crying—to let yourself completely feel, express, and release the depths of your pain

82. Emotions Strategies for Integration Tuning in to emotion Tuning in to emotion – Not escape/avoidance as linked to burnout (Thornton, 1992) – Acknowledging our feelings – Watching movies and reading books – Spending time in connection & conversation

83. Control Overview Beliefs about your competence, confidence, and mastery; belief that you can usually achieve the goals you set out for yourself; being able to exercise individual choice through imagination, knowledge, and skill; having a sense of planfulness in life; being assertive (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Beliefs about your competence, confidence, and mastery; belief that you can usually achieve the goals you set out for yourself; being able to exercise individual choice through imagination, knowledge, and skill; having a sense of planfulness in life; being assertive (Myers & Sweeney, 2004).

84. Control Overview Positive beliefs, including optimism & personal control, acted as protective factors for mental & physical health (Taylor, Kemeny, Reed, Bower, & Gruenewald, 2000). Positive beliefs, including optimism & personal control, acted as protective factors for mental & physical health (Taylor, Kemeny, Reed, Bower, & Gruenewald, 2000). Self-Determination Theory: When need for autonomy is met, optimal functioning is facilitated and intrinsic motivation and personal well-being are enhanced (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Self-Determination Theory: When need for autonomy is met, optimal functioning is facilitated and intrinsic motivation and personal well-being are enhanced (Ryan & Deci, 2000).

85. Control Strengths and Hazards The extent to which counselors feel a sense of control over their caseloads and the demands of their work is related to career satisfaction & overall wellness The extent to which counselors feel a sense of control over their caseloads and the demands of their work is related to career satisfaction & overall wellness Counselors may struggle with an appropriate sense of control with clients—for example, if counselors believe they are solely in control of outcomes, they become disappointed, overworked, & eventually burn out when clients are unsuccessful (Skovholt, 2001; Young, 2005) Counselors may struggle with an appropriate sense of control with clients—for example, if counselors believe they are solely in control of outcomes, they become disappointed, overworked, & eventually burn out when clients are unsuccessful (Skovholt, 2001; Young, 2005)

86. Control Strategies for Integration Develop daily to do lists & cross off items as you accomplish them Develop daily to do lists & cross off items as you accomplish them Create weekly & monthly goals, as well as long-term objectives Create weekly & monthly goals, as well as long-term objectives Develop a professional support network to provide assistance in persisting with long-term objectives Develop a professional support network to provide assistance in persisting with long-term objectives Read, write, and practice daily affirmations Read, write, and practice daily affirmations Assert yourself—Ask for your needs to be met & get help developing this skill if necessary Assert yourself—Ask for your needs to be met & get help developing this skill if necessary

87. Control Strategies for Integration Enhance feelings of competence & confidence by keeping a record of accomplishments & success stories Enhance feelings of competence & confidence by keeping a record of accomplishments & success stories Get together with colleagues to share what is going well with your work Get together with colleagues to share what is going well with your work Create a timeline of your life and, on it, record all the goals you have set for yourself and then achieved Create a timeline of your life and, on it, record all the goals you have set for yourself and then achieved

88. Work Overview Being satisfied with one’s work; having adequate financial security; feeling that one’s skills are used appropriately; feeling that one can manage one’s workload; feeling a sense of job security; feeling appreciated in the work one does; having satisfactory relationships with others on the job; being satisfied with activities in work and play which one chooses to perform; having a playful attitude toward life tasks; ability to cope with stress in the workplace (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Being satisfied with one’s work; having adequate financial security; feeling that one’s skills are used appropriately; feeling that one can manage one’s workload; feeling a sense of job security; feeling appreciated in the work one does; having satisfactory relationships with others on the job; being satisfied with activities in work and play which one chooses to perform; having a playful attitude toward life tasks; ability to cope with stress in the workplace (Myers & Sweeney, 2004)

89. Work Strengths and Hazards Vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue Vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue Various practice settings (solo counselor in a school, private practice, rural areas) and positions (supervisory) may lead to feelings of isolation Various practice settings (solo counselor in a school, private practice, rural areas) and positions (supervisory) may lead to feelings of isolation The covert nature of the work—due to confidentiality—may also contribute to feelings of isolation (Skovholt, 2001) The covert nature of the work—due to confidentiality—may also contribute to feelings of isolation (Skovholt, 2001)

90. Work Strengths and Hazards In agencies and schools where counselors feel they have little control over their workload or feel impeded in ability to help clients, they may be less well In agencies and schools where counselors feel they have little control over their workload or feel impeded in ability to help clients, they may be less well Counselors report reluctance to confide in colleagues about distress for fear of judgment (Walsh, Nichols, & Cormack, 1991) Counselors report reluctance to confide in colleagues about distress for fear of judgment (Walsh, Nichols, & Cormack, 1991) It can be difficult to measure success; some clients do not get better; and counseling relationship can end prematurely or ambiguously (Skovholt, 2001) It can be difficult to measure success; some clients do not get better; and counseling relationship can end prematurely or ambiguously (Skovholt, 2001)

91. Work Strengths and Hazards Counselors’ wellness is enhanced by the inherent sense of meaning in the work and the sense of purpose connected to the work Counselors’ wellness is enhanced by the inherent sense of meaning in the work and the sense of purpose connected to the work CACREP programs tend to foster strong professional identity CACREP programs tend to foster strong professional identity Many counselors recognize the importance of interpersonal support and case consultation (Kramen- Kahn & Hansen, 1998) Many counselors recognize the importance of interpersonal support and case consultation (Kramen- Kahn & Hansen, 1998) Work settings that promote open dialogue about the stresses of the work can normalize and validate counselors’ experiences and promote wellness Work settings that promote open dialogue about the stresses of the work can normalize and validate counselors’ experiences and promote wellness

92. Work Strengths and Hazards Counselors’ work is often varied, creative, and intellectually stimulating Counselors’ work is often varied, creative, and intellectually stimulating Counselors’ training and experience equips them to provide one another with empathy, active listening, and meaningful support Counselors’ training and experience equips them to provide one another with empathy, active listening, and meaningful support Counselors have the privilege of learning multiple views of the world and gaining insight into a range and depth of human experiences that others may never know Counselors have the privilege of learning multiple views of the world and gaining insight into a range and depth of human experiences that others may never know

93. Work Strategies for Integration Balance Balance and variety in work-related tasks Balance and variety in work-related tasks Balance within each day and week Balance within each day and week Balance between work and leisure Balance between work and leisure Sufficient time with family and friends Sufficient time with family and friends

94. Work Strategies for Integration For Counselors: For Counselors: Consistent, caring, clinical supervision is the most important antidote to vicarious trauma (Pearlman, 1995). Supervision should include an ongoing assessment of self-care practices (Sommer & Cox, 2005). Consistent, caring, clinical supervision is the most important antidote to vicarious trauma (Pearlman, 1995). Supervision should include an ongoing assessment of self-care practices (Sommer & Cox, 2005). Peer support groups can be effective in preventing burnout and promoting wellness (Spicuzza & De Voe, 1982; Yalom, 2002; Catherall, 1995). Counselors can create their own peer support networks when workplaces offer inadequate support. Peer support groups can be effective in preventing burnout and promoting wellness (Spicuzza & De Voe, 1982; Yalom, 2002; Catherall, 1995). Counselors can create their own peer support networks when workplaces offer inadequate support. Savor small victories with clients and make the most of every work-related success (Skovholt, 2001). Savor small victories with clients and make the most of every work-related success (Skovholt, 2001). Getting involved in activism and social change efforts can contribute to a greater sense of worth, control, and empowerment (Ivey & Ivey, 2005). Getting involved in activism and social change efforts can contribute to a greater sense of worth, control, and empowerment (Ivey & Ivey, 2005).

95. Work Strategies for Integration For Supervisors: For Supervisors: Regularly include a focus on counselor wellness in case consultation meetings and clinical supervision Regularly include a focus on counselor wellness in case consultation meetings and clinical supervision Advocate for the workplace to provide sufficient vacation and family leave time and to provide generous physical and mental health benefits Advocate for the workplace to provide sufficient vacation and family leave time and to provide generous physical and mental health benefits Plan in-service trainings and agency retreats that directly address the needs of staff, on topics such as vicarious trauma, stress management, and self-care. Plan in-service trainings and agency retreats that directly address the needs of staff, on topics such as vicarious trauma, stress management, and self-care. Lubinski and Benbow (2000) concluded that assessing individual differences within the theory of work adjustment (TWA) framework and focusing on strengths in order to develop an individual’s talent facilitated positive development and well-being. Lubinski and Benbow (2000) concluded that assessing individual differences within the theory of work adjustment (TWA) framework and focusing on strengths in order to develop an individual’s talent facilitated positive development and well-being.

96. “If supervisors demonstrated through their own behavior an emphasis on the importance of well behaviors for their supervisees, our profession would suffer less from the effects of stresses, burnout, and impaired counselors” (Witmer & Granello, 2005, p.269).

97. Work Strategies for Integration For Counselor Educators: For Counselor Educators: “It is highly desirable, if not essential that faculty members demonstrate a healthy lifestyle and provide opportunities for students to develop their wellness potential” (Witmer & Granello, 2005, p.262). “It is highly desirable, if not essential that faculty members demonstrate a healthy lifestyle and provide opportunities for students to develop their wellness potential” (Witmer & Granello, 2005, p.262). An emphasis on wellness can be built into the counselor education curriculum both formally (e.g. all students develop wellness plans, course offered in stress management, yearly retreats) and informally (e.g. practicum consultations, classroom discussions). An emphasis on wellness can be built into the counselor education curriculum both formally (e.g. all students develop wellness plans, course offered in stress management, yearly retreats) and informally (e.g. practicum consultations, classroom discussions).

98. Positive Humor Overview Laughter can contribute to wellness and even improve “immune function, cardiovascular tone, and pain endurance” (Pennebaker, 1997, p.124) Laughter can contribute to wellness and even improve “immune function, cardiovascular tone, and pain endurance” (Pennebaker, 1997, p.124) Under stress, humor is often one of first aspects of wellness to suffer (Ivey & Ivey, 2005) Under stress, humor is often one of first aspects of wellness to suffer (Ivey & Ivey, 2005) Research on career-sustaining behaviors has shown that counselors highly rate the importance of humor in maintaining longevity (Lawson, 2007; Kramen- Kahn & Hansen, 1998) Research on career-sustaining behaviors has shown that counselors highly rate the importance of humor in maintaining longevity (Lawson, 2007; Kramen- Kahn & Hansen, 1998)

99. Positive Humor Strengths & Hazards for counselors Hearing difficult stories and witnessing emotional pain in clients may result in counselors adopting a harsh view of life that is absent of humor Hearing difficult stories and witnessing emotional pain in clients may result in counselors adopting a harsh view of life that is absent of humor Due to the serious nature of counseling work, counselors may be reluctant to allow themselves to use humor with clients or to express it themselves with peers. Due to the serious nature of counseling work, counselors may be reluctant to allow themselves to use humor with clients or to express it themselves with peers. Many unexpected things happen in counseling and a variety of client and counselor idiosyncrasies present themselves for the counselor open to a good laugh. Many unexpected things happen in counseling and a variety of client and counselor idiosyncrasies present themselves for the counselor open to a good laugh. Counselors are already skilled at helping people see things from multiple perspectives. Counselors are already skilled at helping people see things from multiple perspectives.

101. Positive Humor Strategies for integration Watch funny movies & stand-up comedy Watch funny movies & stand-up comedy Be on the look out for the humor in human foibles— our contradictions and inconsistencies can be a wonderful source of laughter. Be on the look out for the humor in human foibles— our contradictions and inconsistencies can be a wonderful source of laughter. Read the Sunday Comics or online jokes Read the Sunday Comics or online jokes Everyone makes missstakes! Welcome the many opportunities to laugh at your imperfections! Everyone makes missstakes! Welcome the many opportunities to laugh at your imperfections! Supervisors and educators can model humor. Supervisors and educators can model humor. When appropriate, use humor as an intervention strategy in counseling work (Goldin et.al., 2006). When appropriate, use humor as an intervention strategy in counseling work (Goldin et.al., 2006).

102. The Creative Self Additional Resources 5 Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle http://www.mindgarden.com/products/5f wels.htm 5 Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle http://www.mindgarden.com/products/5f wels.htm http://www.mindgarden.com/products/5f wels.htm http://www.mindgarden.com/products/5f wels.htm National Wellness Institute website at http://www.nationalwellness.org/ National Wellness Institute website at http://www.nationalwellness.org/ http://www.nationalwellness.org/ The Association for Creativity in Counseling The Association for Creativity in Counseling http://www.aca-acc.org/

103. Essential Self Spirituality Spirituality Gender identity Gender identity Cultural identity Cultural identity Self-care Self-care

104. The Essential Self “We are all affecting the world every moment, whether we mean to or not. Our actions and states of mind matter, because we are so deeply interconnected with one another” (Ram Dass). “We are all affecting the world every moment, whether we mean to or not. Our actions and states of mind matter, because we are so deeply interconnected with one another” (Ram Dass). Our essential meaning-making processes in relation to life, self, and others (Myers & Sweeney, 2004, p. 14) Our essential meaning-making processes in relation to life, self, and others (Myers & Sweeney, 2004, p. 14) Third order factors: Spirituality, Gender Identity, Cultural Identity and Self-Care Third order factors: Spirituality, Gender Identity, Cultural Identity and Self-Care

105. Spirituality Overview Personal beliefs and behaviors that recognize transcendence and may include belief in a higher power, prayer, worship, meditation, hope, optimism, love, compassion, moral values and a sense of purpose in life (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Personal beliefs and behaviors that recognize transcendence and may include belief in a higher power, prayer, worship, meditation, hope, optimism, love, compassion, moral values and a sense of purpose in life (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Spiritual experiences are central to understanding human functioning and development (Myers & Williard, 2003). Spiritual experiences are central to understanding human functioning and development (Myers & Williard, 2003).

106. Spirituality Overview Counselors, in particular, need to be aware of their beliefs and the impact they have on clients Counselors, in particular, need to be aware of their beliefs and the impact they have on clients The Association for Spiritual, Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC), a division of the American Counseling Association (ACA) outlines nine competencies for integrating spirituality into counseling (www.aservic.org). The Association for Spiritual, Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC), a division of the American Counseling Association (ACA) outlines nine competencies for integrating spirituality into counseling (www.aservic.org).www.aservic.org

107. Spirituality Strengths & Hazards for counselors The ability to perceive meaning in one’s work and actions contributes to overall wellness (Williams & Sommer, 1995) The ability to perceive meaning in one’s work and actions contributes to overall wellness (Williams & Sommer, 1995) Important part of sustaining oneself. Important part of sustaining oneself. Helps counselors search for meaning and understanding of the painful human realities that they see everyday (Skovholt, 2001). Helps counselors search for meaning and understanding of the painful human realities that they see everyday (Skovholt, 2001). Spirituality is often not mentioned in counselor training (Cashwell & Young, 2005). Spirituality is often not mentioned in counselor training (Cashwell & Young, 2005).

108. Spirituality Strategies for integration Participate in individual or community-based spiritual practices. When we realize a sense of something greater than ourselves, it can take the pressure off to “have all the right answers.” Participate in individual or community-based spiritual practices. When we realize a sense of something greater than ourselves, it can take the pressure off to “have all the right answers.” Take a quiet walk in a park, at the beach, or in the mountains Take a quiet walk in a park, at the beach, or in the mountains Look for meaning in the small, everyday things Look for meaning in the small, everyday things Read books or look at art work that inspires you Read books or look at art work that inspires you

109. Spirituality Strategies for integration Pray or meditate daily Pray or meditate daily Admire the sights, sounds, and smells in the environment Admire the sights, sounds, and smells in the environment Seek out a spiritual mentor Seek out a spiritual mentor Spend time in a peaceful place and contemplate the beauty and wonder of the universe Spend time in a peaceful place and contemplate the beauty and wonder of the universe Question your purpose in life Question your purpose in life

110. Gender Identity Overview “That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud- puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman?” – Sojourner Truth “That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud- puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman?” – Sojourner Truth Satisfaction with and feeling supported in one’s gender; able to transcend gender by being comfortable with personal attributes and roles regardless of whether they are defined as male or female (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Satisfaction with and feeling supported in one’s gender; able to transcend gender by being comfortable with personal attributes and roles regardless of whether they are defined as male or female (Myers & Sweeney, 2004).

111. Gender Identity Strengths and Hazards A strong gender identity may be a source of resilience in counselors and their clients A strong gender identity may be a source of resilience in counselors and their clients Power imbalances inherent in some organizations may perpetuate institutional sexism (Ivey, D’Andrea, Ivey, & Simek- Morgan, 2007). Power imbalances inherent in some organizations may perpetuate institutional sexism (Ivey, D’Andrea, Ivey, & Simek- Morgan, 2007). Both counselors and their clients may experience discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation Both counselors and their clients may experience discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation

112. Gender Identity Strategies for integration Reflect on what it means to be male or female and how comfortable you are with various gender qualities, roles, careers. Reflect on what it means to be male or female and how comfortable you are with various gender qualities, roles, careers. Join a women’s or men’s group Join a women’s or men’s group Attend to societal contexts in which gender stereotyping, biases, or discrimination may be experienced by you or your clients. Attend to societal contexts in which gender stereotyping, biases, or discrimination may be experienced by you or your clients. Appreciate the attributes of self and others that may not determined by gender. Appreciate the attributes of self and others that may not determined by gender.

113. Cultural Identity Overview “No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive” (Gandhi). “No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive” (Gandhi). Satisfaction with and feeling supported in one’s cultural identity; being aware of, accepting of, and valuing one’s cultural heritage and, as a result, able to interact comfortably with others who are culturally different (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Satisfaction with and feeling supported in one’s cultural identity; being aware of, accepting of, and valuing one’s cultural heritage and, as a result, able to interact comfortably with others who are culturally different (Myers & Sweeney, 2004).

114. Cultural Identity Overview Counselors need to be aware of their own cultural identity and worldview and the impact their attitudes, values, beliefs, assumptions, and biases have on clients Counselors need to be aware of their own cultural identity and worldview and the impact their attitudes, values, beliefs, assumptions, and biases have on clients The Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD), a division of ACA, outlines Multicultural Competencies and Standards for counselors (Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD), a division of ACA, outlines Multicultural Competencies and Standards for counselors (Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992).

115. Cultural Identity Strengths and Hazards A strong cultural identity may be a source of resilience in counselors and their clients A strong cultural identity may be a source of resilience in counselors and their clients Well-being relies on moral visions that are culturally-embedded and frequently culturally specific (Christopher, 1999). Well-being relies on moral visions that are culturally-embedded and frequently culturally specific (Christopher, 1999). Both counselors and their clients may experience discrimination or oppression based on culture, race, or ethnicity Both counselors and their clients may experience discrimination or oppression based on culture, race, or ethnicity

116. Cultural Identity Strategies for integration Record an oral history of your family. Record an oral history of your family. Become familiar with the values and beliefs of your cultural heritage through extended family interaction, cultural activities, traveling, research, and reading. Become familiar with the values and beliefs of your cultural heritage through extended family interaction, cultural activities, traveling, research, and reading. Develop friendships and relationships with people from other cultures. Develop friendships and relationships with people from other cultures. Participate in community events that celebrate a variety of cultural traditions. Participate in community events that celebrate a variety of cultural traditions.

117. Self-Care Overview I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship - Louisa May Alcott I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship - Louisa May Alcott Self-care and safety habits that are preventative in nature including: getting medical or psychological care when needed; wearing a seat belt; getting enough sleep; avoiding the use of tobacco and illegal drugs; limiting alcohol use; and limiting pollution (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Self-care and safety habits that are preventative in nature including: getting medical or psychological care when needed; wearing a seat belt; getting enough sleep; avoiding the use of tobacco and illegal drugs; limiting alcohol use; and limiting pollution (Myers & Sweeney, 2004)

118. Self-Care Strengths and Hazards Implementing self-care strategies is vital in maintaining an effective counseling practice (O’Halloran & Linton, 2000) Implementing self-care strategies is vital in maintaining an effective counseling practice (O’Halloran & Linton, 2000) Counselors often neglect basic self-care such as limiting caseload, taking a break for lunch, or seeking counseling Counselors often neglect basic self-care such as limiting caseload, taking a break for lunch, or seeking counseling Counselors are often reluctant to admit when they have a problem and often do not seek help (Kottler, 1993) Counselors are often reluctant to admit when they have a problem and often do not seek help (Kottler, 1993)

119. Self-Care Strategies for Integration Continually assess self-care practices in supervision (Sommer & Cox, 2005) Continually assess self-care practices in supervision (Sommer & Cox, 2005) Get regular medical and dental check-ups Get regular medical and dental check-ups Seek your own counseling when needed Seek your own counseling when needed Maintain your vehicle and wear your seatbelt Maintain your vehicle and wear your seatbelt Assess the safety features in your home Assess the safety features in your home Establish a nighttime routine to ensure you get adequate sleep Establish a nighttime routine to ensure you get adequate sleep

120. The Essential Self Additional Resources www.aservic.org Association for Spiritual, Ethical & Religious Values in Counseling www.aservic.org Association for Spiritual, Ethical & Religious Values in Counseling www.aservic.org http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/items/s elftest/item_234.html Inspirit and Well-being tests http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/items/s elftest/item_234.html Inspirit and Well-being tests http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/items/s elftest/item_234.html http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/items/s elftest/item_234.html http://www.counseling.org/Resources/ ACA Downloads: Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards http://www.counseling.org/Resources/ ACA Downloads: Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards http://www.counseling.org/Resources/ http://www.aglbic.org/ Association for Gay Lesbian & Bisexual Issues in Counseling http://www.aglbic.org/ Association for Gay Lesbian & Bisexual Issues in Counseling http://www.aglbic.org/

121. Physical Self Nutrition Nutrition Exercise Exercise

122. The Physical Self “It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver” (Gandhi). “It is health that is real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver” (Gandhi). Biological and physiological processes that involve the physical aspects of development and functioning (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Biological and physiological processes that involve the physical aspects of development and functioning (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Third order factors: Exercise and Nutrition Third order factors: Exercise and Nutrition

124. Exercise Overview Physical exercise can be very effective in combating the emotionally stressful parts of counseling practice (Skovholt, 2001) Physical exercise can be very effective in combating the emotionally stressful parts of counseling practice (Skovholt, 2001) Engaging in an adequate amount of physical activity and maintaining good physical condition through work, recreation, and stretching exercises (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Engaging in an adequate amount of physical activity and maintaining good physical condition through work, recreation, and stretching exercises (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Engaging in regular exercise without overdoing it Engaging in regular exercise without overdoing it

125. Exercise Strengths and Hazards Exercise is a method counselors can use to combat the depression, anxiety and pain experienced from working with distressed clients (Skovolt, 2001) Exercise is a method counselors can use to combat the depression, anxiety and pain experienced from working with distressed clients (Skovolt, 2001) Counselors tend to work in settings where they sit for long periods of time and may not take time to get up and stretch or take a walk Counselors tend to work in settings where they sit for long periods of time and may not take time to get up and stretch or take a walk A busy work schedule may interfere with time for regular exercise A busy work schedule may interfere with time for regular exercise

126. Exercise Strategies for Integration Take time to play Take time to play Walk your dog or your neighbor’s dog Walk your dog or your neighbor’s dog Take the stairs instead of the elevator when going 2-3 floors. Take the stairs instead of the elevator when going 2-3 floors. Don’t drive around a parking lot looking for the closest spot; park farther away and walk. Don’t drive around a parking lot looking for the closest spot; park farther away and walk. Participate in organized walks or runs Participate in organized walks or runs Stretch in the morning, before going to bed at night, in between clients, and while you watch TV Stretch in the morning, before going to bed at night, in between clients, and while you watch TV

128. Nutrition Overview One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well." Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well." Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) Eating a balanced diet three times a day including breakfast; avoiding excess fats, sweets, cholesterol, and salt; maintaining a normal weight; avoiding under or over eating (Myers & Sweeney, 2004) Eating a balanced diet three times a day including breakfast; avoiding excess fats, sweets, cholesterol, and salt; maintaining a normal weight; avoiding under or over eating (Myers & Sweeney, 2004)

129. Nutrition Strengths and Hazards Counselors may not take time for regular breaks to eat healthy meals and snacks Counselors may not take time for regular breaks to eat healthy meals and snacks Counselors may not drink enough water Counselors may not drink enough water Counselors may have a tendency to eat at their desk or grab something on the run Counselors may have a tendency to eat at their desk or grab something on the run

130. Nutrition Strategies for Integration Eat breakfast Eat breakfast Keep water by your bed and on your desk or work area. Keep water by your bed and on your desk or work area. Get together with friends and prepare a healthy meal Get together with friends and prepare a healthy meal Eat slowly (30-45 minutes versus 5-10) and share your food Eat slowly (30-45 minutes versus 5-10) and share your food Stop eating when you are full: forget the “clean your plate” motto. Stop eating when you are full: forget the “clean your plate” motto. Read nutrition labels carefully Read nutrition labels carefully

131. Nutrition Strategies for Integration Eat 4-5 small meals regularly, instead of 3 large ones. Eat 4-5 small meals regularly, instead of 3 large ones. Eat like a peasant live like a king or queen (peasants eat lots of vegetables) Eat like a peasant live like a king or queen (peasants eat lots of vegetables) Learn to distinguish true hunger from other bodily or emotional signals Learn to distinguish true hunger from other bodily or emotional signals Develop a long term perspective on eating habits Develop a long term perspective on eating habits

132. The Physical Self Additional Resources http://exercise.about.com/ http://exercise.about.com/ http://exercise.about.com/ http://exercise.lifetips.com/ Exercise Tips http://exercise.lifetips.com/ Exercise Tips http://exercise.lifetips.com/ http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/i tems/selftest/item_5409.html “The Integrative Eating Program”: Your Personal Eating Profile http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/i tems/selftest/item_5409.html “The Integrative Eating Program”: Your Personal Eating Profile http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/i tems/selftest/item_5409.html http://www.spiritualityhealth.com/newsh/i tems/selftest/item_5409.html http://www.mypyramid.gov/ USDA Food Pyramid http://www.mypyramid.gov/ USDA Food Pyramid http://www.mypyramid.gov/

133. In the Midst of the Puzzles and Counseling Journey There is a quietness that comes in the awareness of presenting names and recalling places in the history of persons who come seeking help. Confusion and direction are a part of the process where in trying to sort out tracks that parallel into life a person's past is traveled. Counseling is a complex riddle where the mind's lines are joined with scrambling and precision to make sense out of nonsense, a tedious process like piecing fragments of a puzzle together until a picture is formed. (Gladding, 1978, p.148)

134. Social Self Friendship Friendship Love Love

135. Social Self Social support through connections with others. Family, friends, intimate relationships. Social support through connections with others. Family, friends, intimate relationships. Third Order Factors Third Order Factors –Friendship –Love

136. Social Self Friendship Friendship –Reciprocal relationships that have an established sense of connectedness, support, comfort, and social ease Love Love –Stable, intimate, enduring relationship(s) that are non-oppressive and self-disclosing, where one can express affection and meet sexual needs.

137. Social Self Spending time with friends and family has been rated consistently high in studies assessing wellness, career-sustaining behaviors, and moderators of secondary trauma (Pearlman, 1995; Lawson, 2007; Stevanovic & Rupert, 2004). Spending time with friends and family has been rated consistently high in studies assessing wellness, career-sustaining behaviors, and moderators of secondary trauma (Pearlman, 1995; Lawson, 2007; Stevanovic & Rupert, 2004). Furr & Carroll (2003) recommend attending to counseling students’ personal relationships given their significant impact on students’ development as counselors. Furr & Carroll (2003) recommend attending to counseling students’ personal relationships given their significant impact on students’ development as counselors.

138. Social Self Strengths & Hazards for Counselors Strengths & Hazards for Counselors – Counseling students’ families demonstrated significantly higher dysfunction indicators than other graduate students (Buelow & Bass, 1994). – Yalom (2002) asserts that “the therapist’s worldview is in itself isolating” (p.252). – Counselors may place themselves in the role of “helper” in personal relationships & lead to discontent

139. Social Self Strategies for Integration Strategies for Integration – Skovholt (2001) recommends limiting the number of “one-way caring relationships” in a counselor’s life outside of work. – Figley (2002) recommends that counselors have large support systems comprised of diverse types of relationships. – Williams and Sommer (1995) advocate supervision in order to reduce stress, decrease secondary trauma, and promote feelings of self- confidence and control.

140. Coping Self Leisure Leisure Stress management Stress management Self-worth Self-worth Realistic beliefs Realistic beliefs

141. Coping Self How we regulate our responses to life events and transcend their negative effects How we regulate our responses to life events and transcend their negative effects Third Order Factors Third Order Factors –Leisure –Stress Management –Self-Worth –Realistic Beliefs

142. Models of Wellness: A Holistic Focus Professional Wellness involves: Professional Wellness involves: –Balance –Boundaries/Limit setting –Getting support –Plans for coping –Professional training –Evaluation of own healing –Job Commitment –Replenishment

143. Leisure The ability to set aside work and “lose self” in satisfying and playful activities where “excitement and joy are enhanced while anxiety and boredom are minimized” (Myers & Sweeney, 2005, p. 26). The ability to set aside work and “lose self” in satisfying and playful activities where “excitement and joy are enhanced while anxiety and boredom are minimized” (Myers & Sweeney, 2005, p. 26). “Leisure activities, including physical, social, intellectual, volunteer, and creative, have a positive effect on self-esteem and perceived wellness” (Myers & Sweeney, 2005) “Leisure activities, including physical, social, intellectual, volunteer, and creative, have a positive effect on self-esteem and perceived wellness” (Myers & Sweeney, 2005)

144. Leisure Strengths and Hazards for Counselors G Counselors endorse participation in leisure activities as a career-sustaining behavior (Kramen- Kahn & Hansen, 1998)  Counselors may be hesitant to take time off from work, as they may have difficulty freeing themselves of responsibility to their clientele

145. Leisure Strategies for Integration Leisure activities such as reading, going to movies, and gardening can be helpful in coping with stress (Pearlman, 1995) Leisure activities such as reading, going to movies, and gardening can be helpful in coping with stress (Pearlman, 1995) Making a conscious and deliberate effort to include more “flow” (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990) in one’s life can assist counselors in decreasing stress and experiencing greater joy in their work, when alone and when in the company of others Making a conscious and deliberate effort to include more “flow” (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990) in one’s life can assist counselors in decreasing stress and experiencing greater joy in their work, when alone and when in the company of others

146. Stress Management The capacity to organize and manage one’s resources in efforts to self regulate. Seeing life’s challenges as opportunities for growth. The capacity to organize and manage one’s resources in efforts to self regulate. Seeing life’s challenges as opportunities for growth. “Stress may be viewed as an interruption of the state of positive balance that exists when the body-mind-spirit triad is functioning optimally” (Young, 2005, p.209) “Stress may be viewed as an interruption of the state of positive balance that exists when the body-mind-spirit triad is functioning optimally” (Young, 2005, p.209) “By slowing down, the counselor can hear and care for self better, thereby allowing the counselor to hear and care for others better” (Miller 2001, p.383) “By slowing down, the counselor can hear and care for self better, thereby allowing the counselor to hear and care for others better” (Miller 2001, p.383)

147. Stress Management Strengths and Hazards for Counselors G “One can adjust to feeling stressed to the point that one no longer recognizes the strain stress is causing to the body and mind. This situation is particularly dangerous as a chronic state of tension will eventually lead to physical breakdowns and disease” (Young, 2005, p.208) G If counselor’s establish and model an internal locus of control (which they are also helping clients achieve), they will be more successful with stress management (Myers & Sweeney, 2005)

148. Stress Management Strategies for Integration G Ardell (1977) suggests the following strategies for managing stress: G Recognize and assert the power one has over external circumstances internal responses G Design a quiet environment away from distractions in which to relax for at least a few minutes a day G Create a plan ahead of time for managing anticipated stressors G Practice Assertiveness G Express feelings G Cognitive Reframing G Practice leisure activities

149. Self-Worth Valuing oneself. Acceptance of one’s appearance and imperfections. Valuing oneself. Acceptance of one’s appearance and imperfections. Belief that one is a unique and worthwhile person ready to engage new challenges in the process of self-actualization Belief that one is a unique and worthwhile person ready to engage new challenges in the process of self-actualization A solid sense of self-worth contributes to one’s resiliency when accessing their “Coping Self” A solid sense of self-worth contributes to one’s resiliency when accessing their “Coping Self”

150. Self-Worth Strengths and Hazards for Counselors G Self-worth may increase due to the focus on personal growth and self-understanding in training programs G Self-worth may also vacillate in the developmental process of becoming a counselor G Perceived self-worth may become too connected to client successes and progress

151. Self-Worth Strategies for Integration G Expand ideas of self-worth beyond successes as a professional. G Allow self-worth to be supported by engaging in meaningful work as a counselor G Keep a record of the “differences” one contributes to in the lives of others

152. Realistic Beliefs Realistic expectations of oneself and others. Realistic expectations of oneself and others. Having accurate perceptions of self and reality. Having accurate perceptions of self and reality. “The greater the discrepancy between one’s private logic and reality, the greater the potential for unhealthy behaviors in response to life events” (Myers & Sweeney, 2005) “The greater the discrepancy between one’s private logic and reality, the greater the potential for unhealthy behaviors in response to life events” (Myers & Sweeney, 2005)

153. Realistic Beliefs Strengths and Hazards for Counselors G Counselors-in-training consistently scored lowest in this factor G Due to counselors’ knowledge of human development, they may have established more realistic expectations for themselves as they move through life G Deutsch (1985) found that many psychologists’ personal problems were “made harder to bear because of their belief that, as therapists, they should be models of mental health and should never have serious problems of their own.”

154. Realistic Beliefs Strategies for Integration “Explode the myth that therapists are, or should be, superhuman” (Deutsch, 1985, p.313). “Explode the myth that therapists are, or should be, superhuman” (Deutsch, 1985, p.313). Seek personal counseling and supervision to help keep beliefs and expectations for oneself realistic and attainable. Seek personal counseling and supervision to help keep beliefs and expectations for oneself realistic and attainable. Common beliefs to challenge: Common beliefs to challenge: –I must be loved or approved by everyone –I must be perfectly competent and productive –Life must be absolutely fair –It is a catastrophe when things go other than the way I wish

155. Models of Wellness: A Holistic Focus Environmental (Work Setting) Wellness involves: Environmental (Work Setting) Wellness involves: –The Physical work setting –Value system of work place –Job tasks & Personnel Guidelines –Supervisory/Management support –Colleagiality

156. Wider Contexts Local (safety): family, neighborhood, community Local (safety): family, neighborhood, community Institutional (policies & laws) Institutional (policies & laws) Global (world events): politics, environment, media Global (world events): politics, environment, media Chronometrical (lifespan development): perpetual, positive, purposeful Chronometrical (lifespan development): perpetual, positive, purposeful

157. Supervisor support is critical to increase counselors’ honest assessment of wellness

158. 158 How supervisors can support counselors Supervisor Self-care (MODELING) Supervisor Self-care (MODELING) Normalizing & prioritizing counselor self-care—through focus in supervision, meetings, mental health care policies, etc. Normalizing & prioritizing counselor self-care—through focus in supervision, meetings, mental health care policies, etc.

159. Developing a Wellness Plan Assess wellness components –Five Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (5F-Wel) available at www.mindgarden.com www.mindgarden.com –Wellness Workbook by Travis & Ryan (2004)

160. Developing a Wellness Plan Evaluate perceptions of wellness in each area on a scale from 1-10 where 1 is very low wellness and 10 is very high wellness. Evaluate perceptions of wellness in each area on a scale from 1-10 where 1 is very low wellness and 10 is very high wellness. What are your personal strengths and limitations in each area? What are your personal strengths and limitations in each area?

161. Developing a Wellness Plan Look at low scores and select one area to work on (one with most confidence for achieving some success in the next week). Look at low scores and select one area to work on (one with most confidence for achieving some success in the next week). Develop a specific, achievable behavioral goal, including methods, resources, supports, etc. Develop a specific, achievable behavioral goal, including methods, resources, supports, etc. Identify assets that will help during the tough times. Identify assets that will help during the tough times.

162. Developing a “culture of wellness” Next steps for individual counselors Next steps for individual counselors – Ongoing assessment of personal wellness – Assessment of workplace wellness – Developing concrete plans – Building supportive professional networks – Sharing wellness information

163. 163 Website URL: Website URL: http://www.counseling.org/wellness_ta skforce/index.htm ACA Task Force on Counselor Wellness & Impairment

164. Elizabeth Venart’s Websites www.counselorwellness.com www.counselorwellness.com www.counselorwellness.com www.elizabethvenart.com www.elizabethvenart.com www.elizabethvenart.com www.theresiliencycenter.com www.theresiliencycenter.com www.theresiliencycenter.com

165. Elizabeth Venart Contact Information The Resiliency Center 602 S. Bethlehem Pike, Bldg. B Ambler, PA 19002 Phone: 215-542-5004 Email: elizabeth@elizabethvenart.com & elizabeth@elizabethvenart.com evenart@comcast.net evenart@comcast.netevenart@comcast.net