1. IIHS 2 nd Annual Regional Safety Conference Emerging Vehicle Safety Technology October 18, 2007 Stephen Oesch

2. IIHS Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Identify and develop countermeasures to reduce human and economic losses on our nation’s highways Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI) Gather, process, and publish data on ways in which insurance losses vary among different kinds of vehicles

3. IIHS www.iihs.org

4. IIHS Motor vehicle crashes, 2006 NHTSA  5,930,000 police-reported crashes  2,575,000 injured  42,642 killed Additional crashes that aren’t reported to police but result in insurance costs  5,930,000 police-reported crashes  2,575,000 injured  42,642 killed Additional crashes that aren’t reported to police but result in insurance costs

5. IIHS Auto Insurance losses from motor vehicle crashes 2006  20 million claims  $27 billion in collision coverage losses  $18 billion in property damage liability coverage losses  $32 billion in injury claim losses –$22 billion in BI coverage –$6 billion in PIP coverage –$4 billion in MedPay coverage

6. IIHS Everyone is curious about the car of the future

7. IIHS Continuum of safety Reducing crashes and their consequences

8. IIHS Normal driving Multiple sensors monitor driver and vehicle to identify potential hazards

9. IIHS Reducing the risk in high-risk situations ESC helps vehicle stay on intended path

10. IIHS Reducing risk in potentially dangerous situations Warn driver and reduce vehicle speed

11. IIHS When crash is inevitable Prepare safety systems for impact

12. IIHS Crash sequence begins Deploy airbags

13. IIHS After the crash Automatically notify emergency personnel of crash severity and location

14. IIHS Normal driving Multiple sensors monitor driver and vehicle to identify potential hazards

15. IIHS 2006 BMW 5 series Parking sensors $1,520

16. IIHS 2006 BMW 5 series Adaptive cruise sensor $1,908

17. IIHS Reducing the risk in high-risk situations ESC helps vehicle stay on intended path

18. IIHS

19. Percent of vehicle models with ESC model year standard optional

20. IIHS Federal rule on ESC April 2007  ESC will be required on new passenger vehicles –September 1, 2008: 55% must comply –September 1, 2009: 75% must comply –September 1, 2010: 95% must comply –September 1, 2011: 100% must comply  Maneuver test requirement  Hardware and software requirements  ESC will be required on new passenger vehicles –September 1, 2008: 55% must comply –September 1, 2009: 75% must comply –September 1, 2010: 95% must comply –September 1, 2011: 100% must comply  Maneuver test requirement  Hardware and software requirements

21. IIHS Reducing risk in potentially dangerous situations Warn driver and reduce vehicle speed

22. IIHS

24. Success of technologies depends on answers to three questions  What is size and nature of crash problem addressed?  What kinds of information will elicit right responses from drivers?  How will driver behavior change in response to technology?

25. IIHS What accounts for spectacular success of ESC?  ESC prevents many run-off-road and rollover crashes, types that often result in serious injuries and deaths  ESC takes action for driver

26. IIHS Lane departure warning system Camera mounted behind rearview mirror looks at road ahead and monitors vehicle position in relation to lane markings. If vehicle wanders out of lane, driver is warned with sound, visual, and/or haptic signals.

27. IIHS Study of lane departure warning systems  About 6 million crashes involving passenger vehicles in US each year  Assumptions about system –alert always given when changing lanes unintentionally (no turn signal) –estimated effect on crashes based on effectiveness of rumble strips

28. IIHS About 5,637,000 crashes would not be affected  Rear-end crashes  Angle crashes  Crashes involving intentional lane changes or avoiding obstacles  Crashes due to vehicle component failure (e.g., tire blowout)  Crashes due to roadway defects (e.g., potholes)  Crashes due to speeding/reckless driving

29. IIHS Of remaining 363,000 crashes, estimated reductions if all passenger vehicles had lane departure warning systems estimated system effectiveness estimated crash reductions single-vehicle drift-off-road crashes 33%56,000 drift-out-of-lane head-on crashes 22%7,000 drift-out-of-lane sideswipe crashes 25%40,000

30. IIHS

31. Reflector posts

32. IIHS Effects of adaptive headlights are unknown Estimated effects based on reflector posts  Reflector posts help improve view of narrow and curved roads ahead  Studies indicate that reflector posts increase nighttime driving speeds  Some evidence indicates that reflector posts increase nighttime injury crashes

33. IIHS Summary  Assessing potential benefits of crash avoidance technologies isn’t easy  Most crash databases lack sufficient detail to determine magnitude of problem addressed by each technology  Multiple technologies often introduced simultaneously  Changes in driver behavior difficult to predict

34. IIHS When crash is inevitable Prepare safety systems for impact

35. IIHS Mercedes Pre-Safe

36. IIHS Crash sequence begins Deploy airbags

37. IIHS Automakers are accelerating introduction of side airbags with head protection; one reason is that they know consumers are paying attention to results of IIHS tests Rearseat cushion

38. IIHS

39. Percent of vehicle models in U.S. with side airbags as optional or standard equipment By type of side airbag, 1997-2007 head and chest chest head year

40. IIHS After the crash Automatically notify emergency personnel of crash severity and location

41. IIHS Automatic crash notification systems BMWBMW Assist GMOnStar LexusLexus Link MaybachTele Aid Mercedes-BenzTele Aid Rolls RoyceRolls Royce Assist VolvoOn Call

42. IIHS www.iihs.org For more information: