1. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.1 A simple strain gage.

2. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.2 Foil strain gage.

3. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.3 Orientation of strain gages in common rosettes: (a) rectangular; (b) equiangular.

4. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.4 Strain-gage rosette.

5. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.5 Constant-voltage Wheatstone bridge.

6. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.6 Typical temperature effects on strain gage.

7. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.7 Multiple strain gages: switching within bridge.

8. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.8 Multiple strain gages: switching outside of bridge.

9. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.9 Linear potentiometer.

10. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.10 Angular potentiometer.

11. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.11 Schematic LVDT.

12. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.12 LVDT sensor output.

13. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.13 LVDT cross section.

14. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.14 Rotary variable differential transformer: (a) schematic; (b) simplified construction. [(b) Based on Herceg, 1976.]

15. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.15 Output voltage versus time for LVDT: (a) core displaced upward from center; (b) core displaced down from center.

16. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.16 LVDT system block diagram.

17. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.17 Linear portion of conditioned output of LVDT system.

18. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.18 Capacitive displacement transducer.

19. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.19 Wheatstone bridge for capacitance measurement.

20. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.20 Angular digital encoder: (a) binary shaft encoder; (b) side view. (Based on Turner, 1988.)

21. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.21 Linear velocity transducer.

22. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.22 Two-winding linear velocity transducer (LVT). (Based on Herceg, 1976.).

23. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.23 Doppler velocity measurement.

24. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.24 Magnetic pickup for angular velocity measurement.

25. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.25 Pulsed output of magnetic-pickup transducer.

26. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.26 Stroboscopic tachometer.

27. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.27 Photoelectric tachometer.

28. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.28 Piezoelectric sensors: (a) longitudinal effect; (b) transverse effect.

29. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.29 Charge amplifier for piezoelectric sensor.

30. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.30 Schematic piezoelectric accelerometer.

31. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.31 Strain-gage accelerometer.

32. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.32 Servo accelerometer. (Based on Lucas Schaevitz literature.)

33. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.33 Vibrometer.

34. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.34 Common types of load cells: (a) cantilever beam; (b) hollow cylinder.

35. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.35 Proving ring for force measurement.

36. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.36 Electric-motoring dynamometer.

37. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.37 Eddy-current dynamometer.

38. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.38 Shaft torque meter.

39. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure 8.39 Shaft torque meter with electric output signal.

40. Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Introduction to Engineering Experimentation, Third Edition Anthony J. Wheeler Ahmad R. Ganji Figure P8.14