2. The Cold War By; Thomas Bernicker, Christian Ash, Dylan Karivalis, and Matt Brannau

3. Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons deadliest bomb on planet Nuclear Weapons deadliest bomb on planet More Nuclear Fission= Bigger Explosion More Nuclear Fission= Bigger Explosion Result of explosion= mushroom cloud Result of explosion= mushroom cloud Think about it… What would it be like if a country did use nuclear weapons?

4. Nuclear Weapon Effects What is the effect of a nuclear bomb? What is a nuclear bomb made of? 1. First effect blinding light 2. After a cloud of ash+ debris 3. Then radiation affects everything 4. Years later after explosion Nuclear Winter 1. The main energy of a nuclear bomb is nuclear fission

5. The Manhattan Project Dr. Robert Oppenheimer was the person that discovered nuclear weapons Dr. Robert Oppenheimer was the person that discovered nuclear weapons Led by the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada The U.S. spent $2 billion dollars then 22 billion today First nuclear bomb exploded was in Hiroshima during WWII Many countries made nuclear bombs after the U.S. Think about it: Think about it: what would have happened if the Soviet Union developed a nuclear bomb before the United States?

6. Fears of Nuclear Weapons People: Scared that nuclear weapons would: Create a nuclear war Everybody would die Or be injured Government: If a nuclear weapon did go off in their country: They needed to calm down rest of the country Strike back

7. Bomb Shelters Bomb shelters in homes Bomb shelters in homes At least 12 inches thick At least 12 inches thick Avoid harmful explosion and radioactivity Avoid harmful explosion and radioactivity Consists of: Consists of: Shielding, reducing gamma-ray exposure Shielding, reducing gamma-ray exposure Popular building material: concrete, bricks, earth, and sand Popular building material: concrete, bricks, earth, and sand Dense and heavy enough to provide fallout protection Dense and heavy enough to provide fallout protection Recommended Fallout shelters be placed in: Recommended Fallout shelters be placed in: Basements Basements Buried in backyard Buried in backyard Also transformed public buildings to bomb shelters Also transformed public buildings to bomb shelters

8. Bomb Shelters Contd. Not designed well in 1960’s Occupants Suffered Heat exhaustion and suffocation Occupants: stay in shelter for several months Recommended Battery-powered radio Lanterns Sleeping bags

9. Food and drink recommended Food and drink recommended Variety of canned goods Variety of canned goods Bottled drinking water/water storage drum Bottled drinking water/water storage drum First-aid kit First-aid kit Recreational and other materials recommended Recreational and other materials recommended Book Book Games Games Writing materials Writing materials

10. Bomb Drills in School Drop and Cover created Drop and Cover created Drop to avoid flying objects Drop to avoid flying objects Cover to avoid being burned or getting cut Cover to avoid being burned or getting cut Air raid drill were created in the early 1950’s Air raid drill were created in the early 1950’s Bert the turtle explained to Drop and Cover during an air raid drill Bert the turtle explained to Drop and Cover during an air raid drill

11. Harry S. Truman Became president after Roosevelt’s Death Became president after Roosevelt’s Death April 12, 1945 April 12, 1945 End of WWII End of WWII Start of the Cold War Start of the Cold War Proposed the Truman Doctrine Proposed the Truman Doctrine

12. The Truman Doctrine Proposed by President Truman Proposed by President Truman Help stop the spread of Communism Help stop the spread of Communism Financial and military aid to Financial and military aid to Greece and Turkey Greece and Turkey Urgent request to stop communist countries from invading Urgent request to stop communist countries from invading Spent $400 million dollars to help Greece and Turkey Spent $400 million dollars to help Greece and Turkey

13. The Marshall Plan Also called European Recovery Program Also called European Recovery Program Developed at the Paris Economic Conference Developed at the Paris Economic Conference By Secretary of State George Marshall By Secretary of State George Marshall Made to help European countries after WWII Made to help European countries after WWII

14. Think about it… what could of happened if SALT 1 and 2 weren’t created? SALT 1 and 2 US and USSR 2 nd leaders Jimmy Carter And Leniod Brezhev Held in Helsinki, Finland, in 1970 2 nd in 1970 2 nd In 1979 Help prevent Countries from Entering Nuclear war 1 st Leaders Richard Nixon And Leniod Brezhev Purpose: reduce Nuclear weapons

15. Sputnik First man made Satellite First man made Satellite Launched by Soviet Union in October 4, 1957 Launched by Soviet Union in October 4, 1957 Entered the countries into a arms race and space race Entered the countries into a arms race and space race Made to be launched into space to orbit around the earth Made to be launched into space to orbit around the earth Took 3 months Took 3 months

16. The Berlin Wall Built- August 1961. A time of growing tensions between East and West Berlin Prevented East Berliners From entering West Berlin Switched to Concrete watch towers First Built With Barbed Wire Dismantled- 1990 a failed gamble a failed gamble by the Communists by the Communists to keep power

17. The Berlin Wall Germany and Berlin split into 4 zones Germany and Berlin split into 4 zones U.S.S.R., U.S., France, and Britain U.S.S.R., U.S., France, and Britain The U.S., France, and Britain combined forming East Germany and East Berlin The U.S., France, and Britain combined forming East Germany and East Berlin U.S.S.R. mad West Germany and Berlin U.S.S.R. mad West Germany and Berlin

19. Cuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev sought to place missiles close to the U.S. Khrushchev sought to place missiles close to the U.S. Soviets and Cuba thought U.S. would invade Cuba Soviets and Cuba thought U.S. would invade Cuba They deploy nuclear missiles They deploy nuclear missiles 1962- Soviets had only 50 bombers and missiles 1962- Soviets had only 50 bombers and missiles Missiles only 90 miles from U.S. Missiles only 90 miles from U.S. Warheads the size of Hiroshima bomb Warheads the size of Hiroshima bomb Start- October 14 Start- October 14 End- October 28 End- October 28

20. John F. Kennedy During War President of the United States from 1961-1963 President of the United States from 1961-1963 On Oct. 16 he found out about the missiles On Oct. 16 he found out about the missiles Oct. 18 conferred with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affaires- Andrei Gromyko Oct. 18 conferred with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affaires- Andrei Gromyko Stated that the missiles were for defense Stated that the missiles were for defense Oct. 20 Kennedy spent entire day conferring with advisers Oct. 20 Kennedy spent entire day conferring with advisers Two military options: Two military options: Surgical air strike against the bases Surgical air strike against the bases Or a naval blockade of Cuba Or a naval blockade of Cuba He announced that any missile launched at the U.S. from Cuba would be a Soviet attack He announced that any missile launched at the U.S. from Cuba would be a Soviet attack

21. Nikita Khrushchev 1953- Named head of Communist Party 1953- Named head of Communist Party Did not want war with Western Countries Did not want war with Western Countries 1962- Wanted missiles in Cuba 1962- Wanted missiles in Cuba Americans citizens got angry at: Americans citizens got angry at: - U.S. government because they said they will remove missiles from Italy and Turkey if missiles are removed from Cuba Think about it… what could have happened if the U.S. didn’t say that they would remove nuclear missiles from Italy and Turkey?

22. Fidel Castro Born in 1926 in Havana Born in 1926 in Havana President of Cuba President of Cuba Wanted to extend Wanted to extend Cuban revolution Cuban revolution Needed help from Soviet Union Needed help from Soviet Union Cuban economy depended on billions of Soviet money Cuban economy depended on billions of Soviet money Cuba becomes allies with Soviet Union Cuba becomes allies with Soviet Union

23. The End to the War The world averted a nuclear war The world averted a nuclear war The terror of a nuclear missile hitting you was over The terror of a nuclear missile hitting you was over No country actually detonated a nuclear bomb on another country No country actually detonated a nuclear bomb on another country

24. Big Question What would have happened if nuclear weapons were never created?

25. Finished Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk5uRO2dmRA