1. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES OF SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) Aamir Shahazad (Nematologist) Dr. Shahid Afghan (Director Research) Shakarganj Sugar Research Institute, Toba Road, Jhang

2. INTRODUCTION  A survey on frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes 2008-2009  Locations selected  Sample size  Population trends of nematodes on plant and ratoon crops  Population range of plant parasitic nematodes  Identification of Genera (Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus)  Prominence range (20 % to 45.9 %)

3. Ascaris lumbricoides Pratylenchus spp. The Nematode Community... Meloidogyne Spp. Helicotylenchus spp. Hoplolaimus spp. Tylenchorhynchus spp.

4. Materials and Methods Survey of Plant Parasitic Nematodes  Soil Sampling  Sieving  Processing

5. Genera Identification Plant parasitic nematodes were identified up to genera level comparing their morphology with the coordination of “ National Nematological Research Centre”(NNRC), Karachi University. But Root knot nematodes were identified up to genera level by studying their morphology and perineal pattern (Taylor and Sasser1978). Quantitative Analysis: Nematodes Population in 5 ml of suspension: 1 2 3 Mean 1363 1332 1468 1388 5 ml of suspension contain Nematodes = 1388 1 ml _____________________ = 1388/5 100 ml ___________________ = 1388/5*100 = 27760 Total no. of Nematodes in 500gm of Soil= 27760 Qualitative Analysis: Total no. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in 100 ml = 523 Helicotylenchus =202 Pratylenchus = 58 Hoplolaimus = 29 Hemicriconemoide = 234 523 no. plant parasitic nematodes contain Hemi.= 234 1 ______________________________ = 234/523 100 _____________________________ = 234/523*100 Hemicriconemoide in sample is = 45 %

6. Results and Discussion

7. Table-1 Population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with soils and roots of sugarcane LocationsNem./500g of soilNem./200g of root Faisalabad3311 a773 a Layyah2906 e365 e Sargodha3203 b576 c Kamalia2651 g114 g Gojra3051 d635 b Samundary2721 b369 e Shorkot3172 f666 b Chiniot3113 c514 d Sahiwal3159 b184 f Jhang2902 e621 e

8. Table-2 Population of Nematodes at two different times of sugarcane LocationsPopulation of Nematodes / 500 g of soil Before PlantingAfter Harvesting Faisalabad808 f773 a Layyah1824 a365 e Sargodha1110 d576 c Kamalia1268 c114 g Gojra1468 b635 b Samundary597.0 gh369 e Shorkot334 no666 b Chiniot586 hi514 d Sahiwal1761 a184 f Jhang521 h-k621 e Mean10282426

9. Table-3 Distribution of Plant Parasitic Nematodes associated with sugarcane LocationsNematode Genera at different Locations Prat. (%)Hel. (%)Tyl. (%)Hem. (%)Hop. (%) Faisalabad+ (8)+++ (57)+++ (60)+ (2)++ (11) Layyah+ (7)+++ (58)++ (18)++ (13)+ (3) Sargodha++ (11)+++ (50)++ (19)++ (15)+ (3) Kamalia+++ (58)++ (35)++ (14) + (6) Gojra++ (10)++ (36)++ (17)++ (16)+ (2) Samundary++ (11)+++ (60)++ (22)+ (8)+ (5) Shorkot+ (17)++ (29)++ (12)++ (13)+ (7) Chiniot+ (8)+++ (75)++ (19)+ (5)+ (3) Sahiwal+ (8)+++ (48)++ (17)++ (29)+ (1) Jhang+ (3)++ (11)+ (2)+ (3)++ (17) 0 = not recorded; + = Present in survey; ++ = Common; +++ = Widespread

10. Discussion  Survey showed that Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicriconemoide and Pratylenchus were the most frequently found genera of Nematodes in Central Punjab.  Problem was more severe in ratoon crop than plant crop.

11. Conclusion  The results i ndicate Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne, and Hemicriconemoide spp., were the most common nematodes in cane fields.  Nematode population was higher in sandy soil compared to Clay loam soil.  Previous studeis has shown that nematodes caused a significant reduction in yield and quality of sugarcane crop.

12. Control Measures Sanitation: Avoid introducing pests to new locations Crop Rotation: Reducing population in a site by growing a poor or non host Heat Therapy: Pasturization and Solarization of soil Biological Control: Use of Pasturia, Dactyleria brochophaga, Arthrobotrys oligospora Use of Chemical: Methyl Bromide, Carbofuran @ 8 kg per acre. May be mixed with basal doze of fertilizer at planting time.

13. References  Anonymous 2009. Economic Survey on Crop situation. Federal Bureau of stistics. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. pp 10.  Anwar, S. A.; Kallu, M. A.; Javid, M.A. and Khan, S. H., 1986. Nematode parasites of sug­arcane J. Agri. Res., Lahore, 24: 123-127. Choice  Cueva, C. & Carbonell, E. (1979). Sugarcane nematodes in peru. Boll. Tech. Divn. Tech. Instt.Central invest Azuc., 8: 59-68.  Gul, F. and P. Khan (2005) Assessment of plant parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane crop in district Charsadda, NWFP province. Pak. J. Nematol, 23(1): 51-56.