1. Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

2. Biotechnology Foods Vaccines Antibiotics Vitamins Biodegradation
The use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product
Foods
Vaccines
Antibiotics
Vitamins
Biodegradation
Selective breeding

3. What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?
Multidisciplinary- involving a number of disciplines that are coordinated for a desired outcome
Science
Life sciences
Physical sciences
Social sciences

4. What Subjects Are Involved With Biotechnology?
Mathematics
Applied sciences
Computer applications
Engineering
Agriculture

5. What Are Genetic Engineering Organisms?
Genetic engineering- artificially changing the genetic information in the cells of organisms
Transgenic- an organism that has been genetically modified
GMO- a genetically modified organism
GEO- a genetically enhanced organism

6. Other Uses of Genetic Technology
Genetic technologies also used to identify individuals - UA part of Shoah Project to ID Holocaust victims (Wildcat, October 4, 2006)
UA project to trace ancestry
Diagnosis and epidemiology of disease

7. Genetically Modified Organisms
Herbicide-resistant plants
Bt cotton/corn (toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis that kills insects)
Flavr-Savr tomatoes
Golden rice (beta-carotene)
Plant-based vaccines

8. Transgenic Animals
“Knock-out” and transgenic mice: used to study immune system and genetic diseases
Pigs: blood clotting Factor VIII, organs for transplantation
Others: Human IL-2 (cancer), albumin (blood volume), growth hormone, tPA (dissolves clots)

9. Recombinant DNA
Combining DNA from two different organisms

10. Useful Properties of DNA
Restriction endonucleases can cut DNA at specific sites, leaving sticky ends for insertion of new DNA

11. Gel Electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis

12. What is Gel Electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis separates
molecules on the basis of their charge and size.
The charged macromolecules migrate across a span of gel because they are placed in an electrical field.
The gel acts as a sieve to retard the passage of molecules according to their size and shape.

13. Crime Scene
a wallet was stolen from a locker near the classroom. A small drop of blood was found on the locker, assumed to be left by the guilty party.
Someone in the room is suspected of taking the wallet, and that the police gave you a sample of the blood to run a DNA fingerprint on, using gel electrophoresis.

14. LAB
Gel LAB worksheet
imagine that their DNA is only 20 base pairs long, and that they all have the restriction site AATT at least once somewhere along their DNA. 
In the grid provided on the worksheet, fill in a row of 20 base pairs and include the AATT restriction site as many times as they wish.

15. Part 2
use a pencil to lightly shade in the AATT restriction site on the template strand wherever it occurs in their DNA sequence. 
count the number of times the restriction site occurs in their sequence and write in the number on their worksheet.  The, for each restriction site, have them draw a thick line between the two A’s.  Explain that this indicates where the restriction enzyme will cut the DNA. 
 cut out their entire DNA sequence from the middle of the worksheet so that it is one long rectangle. 
Then, following the lines you drew in for each restriction site, have them cut their DNA into the fragments created by the restriction enzyme. 
write their name on the back of each fragment, along with the total number of base pairs it has

16. Part 3
Simulated Gel
Results
Discussion Questions

18. Difficulties in Genetically Engineering Humans
Inserting gene in correct cells
Inserting gene so it is expressed correctly
Orientation
Regulation
Controlling virus vector
Ethical issues

19. Other Issues
How will genetically engineered organisms affect environment?
Spread of genes to other organisms?
Who will decide?

21. What Are Bioethics?
Ethics- knowing right from wrong, and then doing the right idea
Bio- living organisms
Bioethics- knowing right from wrong with living organisms, and then doing the right idea