1. Gender in the Workplace Internet Supernova Cowboys Chaundra Olsen, Amalia Beshwate, Moses Jimenez

2. The Argument A Wage Gap exists between Men and Women. Women have consistently been paid less than Men since Women entered the work force during WWII. A Wage Gap exists between Men and Women. Women have consistently been paid less than Men since Women entered the work force during WWII. “Sex discrimination isn't necessarily intentional; much of it happens through mindless bias and careless stereotyping. But however it happens, it's unfair, illegal, and widespread. (Graff and Murphy)”

3. What is “Wage gap”? “The wage gap is a statistical indicator often used as an index of the status of women’s earnings relative to men’s. It is also used to compare the earnings of other races and ethnicities to those of white males; a group generally not subject to race- or sex- based discrimination. The wage gap is expressed as a percentage (e.g., in 2004 women earned 77% as much as men) and is calculated by dividing the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men.(InfoPlease)” “The wage gap is a statistical indicator often used as an index of the status of women’s earnings relative to men’s. It is also used to compare the earnings of other races and ethnicities to those of white males; a group generally not subject to race- or sex- based discrimination. The wage gap is expressed as a percentage (e.g., in 2004 women earned 77% as much as men) and is calculated by dividing the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men.(InfoPlease)”

4. It starts at an early age EVEN today in the modern, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been seen as a greater blessing has been that they are expected to become better economic providers for their parents' old age. Yet it is time for parents to think again. Girls may now be a better investment. (The Importance of Sex, Ph.1,From The Economist print edition). EVEN today in the modern, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been seen as a greater blessing has been that they are expected to become better economic providers for their parents' old age. Yet it is time for parents to think again. Girls may now be a better investment. (The Importance of Sex, Ph.1,From The Economist print edition).

5. Historical Examples Since the Equal Pay Act in 1963 the fight for equality in the workplace is an ongoing dispute. Since the Equal Pay Act in 1963 the fight for equality in the workplace is an ongoing dispute. The following 2 court cases are examples of how men were being paid more for the same positions than women were. The companies argued that men were entitled to higher pay than women. In one case women were paid lower because they had a “market rate” which the company based their salaries on regardless of the fact that they were doing the same job as the men. The following 2 court cases are examples of how men were being paid more for the same positions than women were. The companies argued that men were entitled to higher pay than women. In one case women were paid lower because they had a “market rate” which the company based their salaries on regardless of the fact that they were doing the same job as the men.

6. Court Cases Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. (1970), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. (1970), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit “Ruled that jobs need to be "substantially equal" but not "identical" to fall under the protection of the Equal Pay Act. An employer cannot, for example, change the job titles of women workers in order to pay them less than men.” “Ruled that jobs need to be "substantially equal" but not "identical" to fall under the protection of the Equal Pay Act. An employer cannot, for example, change the job titles of women workers in order to pay them less than men.” Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974), U.S. Supreme Court Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974), U.S. Supreme Court “Ruled that employers cannot justify paying women lower wages because that is what they traditionally received under the "going market rate." A wage differential occurring "simply because men would not work at the low rates paid women" was unacceptable.” “Ruled that employers cannot justify paying women lower wages because that is what they traditionally received under the "going market rate." A wage differential occurring "simply because men would not work at the low rates paid women" was unacceptable.” http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00342/wage%20gap%202.html http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00342/wage%20gap%202.html

7. Top 5 Leading Occupations The following slide will show you a table in which the top 5 leading occupations ranging from secretary to First Line Supervisor/Manager are observed. It charts out the total employed men and women in these leading occupations and, the ratio of women’s earnings to men’s earnings. The following slide will show you a table in which the top 5 leading occupations ranging from secretary to First Line Supervisor/Manager are observed. It charts out the total employed men and women in these leading occupations and, the ratio of women’s earnings to men’s earnings. Men in the top 5 leading occupations are the highest paid with women only making a percentage of a males salary. Women are making anywhere from 68.5% to 92% of men’s earnings. Men in the top 5 leading occupations are the highest paid with women only making a percentage of a males salary. Women are making anywhere from 68.5% to 92% of men’s earnings.

8. Top 5 leading Occupations http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0873003.html 2 20 Leading Occupations of Employed Women, U.S. (2004 annual averages) Occupations (in thousands) PercentWomen'sRatio of womenmedian usual weekly women's earnings earnings1 Total to men's earnings employed (women) (men and women) Secretaries2,5702,65796.755092 Elementary and middle school teachers1,7722,20680.377684.6 Registered nurses1,6511,80091.789586.8 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides1,1131,26188.338391.2 Cashiers1,0161,3557531382.4 First-line supervisors/man agers of office and administrative support1,0011,44169.563680.3 First-line supervisors/man agers of retail sales workers9852,24643.950568.5

9. Statistics Statistics have proven time and time again that men consistently get paid more than women regardless of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. Statistics have proven time and time again that men consistently get paid more than women regardless of the Equal Pay Act of 1963. “If you are a woman working full time, you will lose between $700,000 and $2 million over your working lifetime -- just because of your sex.(Graff and Murphy)” ht “If you are a woman working full time, you will lose between $700,000 and $2 million over your working lifetime -- just because of your sex.(Graff and Murphy)” ht

10. Potential losses for a woman “A high school graduate loses $700,000. A young woman who graduated from high school last spring and went straight to work would, over her lifetime, make $700,000 less than the young man who graduated next in line. “A high school graduate loses $700,000. A young woman who graduated from high school last spring and went straight to work would, over her lifetime, make $700,000 less than the young man who graduated next in line. A college graduate loses $1.2 million. A young woman who graduated from college last spring and went right to work would, over her lifetime, make $1.2 million less than the young man who received his diploma next to her. A college graduate loses $1.2 million. A young woman who graduated from college last spring and went right to work would, over her lifetime, make $1.2 million less than the young man who received his diploma next to her. A professional school graduate loses $2 million. A young woman who got a degree in business, medicine, or law would, over her lifetime, make $2 million less than the young man at her side.(Graff and Murphy)” A professional school graduate loses $2 million. A young woman who got a degree in business, medicine, or law would, over her lifetime, make $2 million less than the young man at her side.(Graff and Murphy)”

11. Losses for a High School Graduate http://www.wageproject.org/content/gap/costs.php

12. Losses for a College Graduate http://www.wageproject.org/content/gap/costs.php

13. Statistics http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00342/wage%20gap%202.html

14. Statistical Evidence http://stats.bls.gov/cps/cpswom2001.pdf

15. “Decades ago, women used to hear that it was because women weren’t as well-educated as men, hadn’t worked as long as men, didn’t work as hard as men, or really didn’t need the money because they were just working until they got married. That’s no longer true. For decades, women have been graduating from college at the same rate as men —and have even surpassed men in recent years. Women work as hard as men. Women are often supporting children, and maybe a disabled or unemployed husband, and need the money just as much as men do. (Graff and Murphy) ” “Decades ago, women used to hear that it was because women weren’t as well-educated as men, hadn’t worked as long as men, didn’t work as hard as men, or really didn’t need the money because they were just working until they got married. That’s no longer true. For decades, women have been graduating from college at the same rate as men —and have even surpassed men in recent years. Women work as hard as men. Women are often supporting children, and maybe a disabled or unemployed husband, and need the money just as much as men do. (Graff and Murphy) ” The Equal Pay Act was passed June 10, 1963 and said that it was illegal to pay women lower rates for the same job strictly on the basis of their sex. The Equal Pay Act was passed June 10, 1963 and said that it was illegal to pay women lower rates for the same job strictly on the basis of their sex. “ Women have made enormous progress in the workforce since the Equal Pay Act, but the stubborn fact remains that four-and-a-half decades later, the basic goal of the act has not been realized (Thinkquest.com)” http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00342/wage%20gap%202.htm l http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00342/wage%20gap%202.htm l Quotations

16. Where is the wage gap at today? “the wage gap stands at 23 cents. Women working full time - - not part-time, not on maternity leave, not as consultants -- still earn only 77 cents to a full-time working man's dollar.(Graff and Murphy)” “the wage gap stands at 23 cents. Women working full time - - not part-time, not on maternity leave, not as consultants -- still earn only 77 cents to a full-time working man's dollar.(Graff and Murphy)”

17. Wage Gap In Tulare County We went to www.wageproject.org and calculated what a 30 year old female Credit Analyst in the Finance Industry with a Bachelor’s Degree would make in equivalence to A male with the same age and qualifications. Below is our findings. We went to www.wageproject.org and calculated what a 30 year old female Credit Analyst in the Finance Industry with a Bachelor’s Degree would make in equivalence to A male with the same age and qualifications. Below is our findings.www.wageproject.org You currently make 76% of what the average White Non-Hispanic Male makes with your same job title in the county you provided. You currently make 76% of what the average White Non-Hispanic Male makes with your same job title in the county you provided. After adjusting for age, education, and industry, you currently make 78% of what your corresponding White Non-Hispanic Male coworker makes. After adjusting for age, education, and industry, you currently make 78% of what your corresponding White Non-Hispanic Male coworker makes. Over the next 35 years, you will earn $403,321.57 less than your corresponding White Non-Hispanic Male coworker. Over the next 35 years, you will earn $403,321.57 less than your corresponding White Non-Hispanic Male coworker. Over your entire working life, discrimination will cost you $518,556.30 Over your entire working life, discrimination will cost you $518,556.30 Your job in the location provided is 40% male and 60% female. Your job in the location provided is 40% male and 60% female.

18. How to stop wage discrimination Sex discrimination is far more entrenched in the American economy than most people realize. And it won't stop unless, with the help of each other and of sympathetic men, women act. We must prove to American employers that we will not accept the depth and breadth of wage discrimination within our own workplaces.By chipping away at one deeply embedded form of discrimination, we can also tear down bigotry and bias based on race, religion, sexual orientation, age, and physical ability. We can transform America into a society of people who genuinely value and respect one another. (Graff and Murphy) Sex discrimination is far more entrenched in the American economy than most people realize. And it won't stop unless, with the help of each other and of sympathetic men, women act. We must prove to American employers that we will not accept the depth and breadth of wage discrimination within our own workplaces.By chipping away at one deeply embedded form of discrimination, we can also tear down bigotry and bias based on race, religion, sexual orientation, age, and physical ability. We can transform America into a society of people who genuinely value and respect one another. (Graff and Murphy)

19. Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. Highlights of Women’ss Earnings in 2001. May 2002. 12 July 2007. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. Highlights of Women’ss Earnings in 2001. May 2002. 12 July 2007. "Gender Issues." InfoPlease. 15 July 2007. "Gender Issues." InfoPlease. 15 July 2007. "The Importance of Sex." The Economist. 12 Apr. 2006. 12 July 2007. "The Importance of Sex." The Economist. 12 Apr. 2006. 12 July 2007. Murphy, Evelyn, and E.j. Graff. "Gender Wage Gap: are You Paid as Much." WomensMedia.Com. 12 July 2007. Murphy, Evelyn, and E.j. Graff. "Gender Wage Gap: are You Paid as Much." WomensMedia.Com. 12 July 2007. Murphy, Evelyn, and E.j. Graff. "The Wage Gap." The Boston Globe. 9 Oct. 2006. 12 July 2007. Murphy, Evelyn, and E.j. Graff. "The Wage Gap." The Boston Globe. 9 Oct. 2006. 12 July 2007. "The Wage Gap." InfoPlease. 12 July 2007. "The Wage Gap." InfoPlease. 12 July 2007. "The Wage Gap." ThinkQuest. 12 July 2007. "The Wage Gap." ThinkQuest. 12 July 2007. "What are the Costs of the Wage Gap?" Wage Project.Org. 12 July 2007. "What are the Costs of the Wage Gap?" Wage Project.Org. 12 July 2007. "What Has the Wage Gap Cost You?" Wageproject.Org. U.S. Census 2000 Special EEO File. 12 July 2007. "What Has the Wage Gap Cost You?" Wageproject.Org. U.S. Census 2000 Special EEO File. 12 July 2007.