1. Where technology enables knowledge The National ICT Research Centre Technology Supported Learning: A Way Forward? John ODonoghue Senior Research Fellow National ICT Research Centre

2. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 2 Virtual Education and Lifelong Learning are not new phenomena! ……this I conceive to be the advantage of a seat of universal learning, considered as a place of education. An assemblage of learned men, zealous for their own sciences, and rivals of each others, are brought, by familiar intercourse and for the sake of intellectual peace, to adjust together the claims and relations of their respective subjects of investigation. They learn to respect, to consult, to aid each other. Thus is created a pure and clear atmosphere of thought, which the student also breathes, though in his own case he only pursues a few sciences out of the multitude. He profits by an intellectual tradition, which is independent of particular teachers, which guides him in his choice of subjects.... He apprehends the great outlines of knowledge, the principles on which it rests, the scale of its parts.... Hence it is that his education is called "liberal." A habit of mind is formed which lasts through life, of which the attributes are freedom, equitableness, calmness, moderation, and wisdom…. John Henry Cardinal Newman circa 1850

3. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 3 Political Education top priority in UK, Europe & US Recognition that time spent on education must increase Economic Knowledge economy Raise standards Close skill gap to ensure competitiveness Social Expectations of anywhere/anytime Expectations of parents Technology Demand for bandwidth by internet users Background

4. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 4 Benefits of E-Learning Liberation of the students from regimented conduct of traditional universities In-time learning allows the curriculum to become more fluent to suit the needs of the learners Shift from the traditional print culture to a more sensory culture ……………….

5. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 5

6. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 6 Paradigmatic Shifts New emphasis on social contexts for learning Learning occurs outside the classroom environment Removal of traditional boundaries to learning

7. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 7 Convergence of Media Print Film and video Data Digitalstorage Broadcast

8. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 8 Cable TV Broadcast Convergence of Networks LAN Telephony Full-service network

9. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 9 Current network and services Cable started with better TV reception, and… grew through new forms of TV programming

10. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 10 Future network and servicesEducation Shopping Directories Government Games Interactive Television will start with basic services, and……. Health Internet Email Training Legal Financial services Will grow with new forms of TV programming

11. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 11 Communication Education Information Home Services Entertainment I want Information based services at my fingertips! Paradigm shifts: Delivery

12. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 12 The Internet's pace of adoption eclipses all other technologies Radio was in existence 38 years before 50 million people tuned in TV took 13 years to reach that benchmark Sixteen years after the first PC kit came out, 50 million people were using one Once it was opened to the general public, the Internet crossed that line in four years! quoted from the US Department report The Emerging Digital Economy

13. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 13 Learner Friends Multimedia Resources Other Learners Instructor Interactive Learning Model

14. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 14 What are we asking of the teacher resource? We need to be clear: in calling for teachers to "integrate technology into their classrooms" we are actually asking for the biggest change in educational practice in the last 200 years. Not surprising, then, that acting on that call is so difficult, so painful, so challenging. So be it! As teachers, we are in the education business because we have a passion to help children learn, to help children develop into responsible, productive members of our democratic community. We are, therefore by definition, up to the challenge!

15. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 15 Paradigm shifts: Learning EDUCATIONTRAINING WORK RETIREMENT The traditional lifestyle pattern The new lifelong learning pattern EDUCATION TRAINING WORK LEISURE/RETIREMENT

16. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 16 Lipstick on a bullfrog Cosmetic change does not/ will not work

17. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 17 The chalkboard replaced the slate; the whiteboard replaced the chalkboard; the OHP replaced the whiteboard; software (Microsoft PowerPoint et al) replaced the OHP The dilemma In education we are looking for innovation without change

18. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 18 21st century adults 20th century teachers 19th century classrooms being taught by in

19. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 19 Crisis in education and training Global de-coupling of education and training systems from society Pace of social and cultural change enormously increased Educational systems have remained what they were The current systems are systems designed for a society which is no longer the society of today!

20. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 20 Crisis in education and training Educational stagnation reflected in: Types of content and subjects With minor exceptions Methods of Teaching & Learning Direct contact, lectures, books, written & oral examinations Physical & organisational conditions Buildings, classrooms, administrative structures

21. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 21 Crisis in education and training Changes in society reflected in: the family the workplace the economy leisure time and pursuits politics

22. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 22 We need to re-engineer? The educational infrastructure The curriculum The teaching profession Need to put the learner at the heart of education

23. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 23 Primary Education Secondary Education Further Education Community LearnDirect (UfI) University Education

24. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 24 Networked Learning Communities Home Office Library Community Leisure School/ College School/ College Home Office Library Leisure Community TODAYFUTURE Connected

25. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 25 The connected society The connected student Guided access to resources Individualised learning path Enriched environment Prepared for 21st century workforce The connected educator Shares best practices New tools for teaching Immediate, ongoing assessment The connected parent More involved with students learning More informed of school activities Increased communications with teachers

26. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 26 Considerations changing the instructor role from lecturer to facilitator or leader guiding students through necessary information in a non-linear, hyper-linked environment building a sense of classroom community and enhancing learning

27. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 27 being able to discover knowledge for oneself long term retention of knowledge being able to perceive relations between old and new knowledge being able to create new knowledge being able to apply knowledge to solving problems being able to communicate one's knowledge to others wanting to know more Nightingale and ONeil, 1994 Indicators of high quality learning having taken place are:

28. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 28 But…… the learner is ready to meet the demands of the learning task(s) there is a reason for learning (acceptable reason, to the student) the learner is active during learning adequate support is provided by the environment in which that learning occurs

29. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 29 ICT as a tool (bad news) Clumsily handled, ICT can easily fall foul of basic principles. As ICT in Schools points out with regard to KS2: While pupils are becoming more competent at searching for information, they find it difficult to recognise what is important and then synthesise what they have found (p.8)

30. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 30 Skills for the Future? Focus on self-managed learning Blurring of artistic/technical/scientific/personal More languages Cultural sensitivity Media awareness Science and Technology awareness/confidence Team-working Creativity/innovation Learning/ Love to learn

31. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 31 Skills for the Future? Reading,Writing and Arithmetic Listening, Speaking, Thinking Time and Project management Communication skills Design and Presentation Problem identification, definition and solving Personal knowledge

32. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 32 A Learning Agenda determine the conditions under which computer-mediated- communication increases or decreases student staff communications, and what influence it has on the quality of the communications; establish preferences among different categories of students for on- campus, off-campus and mixed mode study; and identify which particular teaching contexts and domains of knowledge are suited to and enhanced by various applications of technology Technology has the potential to contribute to new operational paradigms which will inevitably include new approaches to teaching and learning, but there is a need to: M. Gosper, B. Hesketh, J Andrews and M Sabaz, 1996

33. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 33 Summary…. A shift from faculty-centred to learner-centred institutions Affordability Lifelong learning A seamless web Asynchronous (anytime, anyplace) learning Interactive and collaborative learning Diversity Widening access Tackling exclusion Tackling disabilities Educause, 1999

34. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 34 Passion

35. Where technology enables knowledge (c) 2002 National ICT Research Centre. All rights reserved. 35 Wisdom is not a product of schooling, but of the lifelong attempt to acquire it Thank You John ODonoghue j.odonoghue@wlv.ac.uk http://www.learninglab.org.uk