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China Mongolia Japan North Korea South Korea Taiwan
East Asia Notes China Mongolia Japan North Korea South Korea Taiwan
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How much do you know about East Asia???
True or false, one out of five people lives in China? True or false, Japan is made up of many islands? True or false, China & South Korea are two of the five communist countries of the world? What is the largest city in the world by population that is located in this region? Approximately what is China’s current population?
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Answers… True – China has the largest population in the world and currently one out of every five people on the globe lives in China True – Japan is actually made up of four large islands and many smaller islands False – China & North Korea are two communist nations in this region (Cuba, Laos, Vietnam) The largest city by population in the world is Tokyo (28 million) China’s current population is approximately 1.3 billion people (4 times the U.S.)
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Physical Features… China Korea Japan Taiwan
3rd largest country in area Korea Peninsula Japan archipelago - group of islands Four major islands Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku Kyushu Thousands of smaller islands 70% is mountainous Taiwan an island nation
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Physical Features… Mountains Himalayas Karakoram Kunlun Shan Tian Shan
Altay Shan Mount Fuji- Japan’s highest mountain dormant (inactive) volcano last erupted in 1708
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Physical Features… Plateaus Deserts Plateau of Tibet Plateau of Xizang
Between Himalays & Kunlun Shan World’s highest plateau Plateau of Xizang Higher than many mountains Mongolian Plateau Deserts Gobi – “waterless”
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Chang Jiang River (Yangtze River)
Huang He River Flows across the North China Plain (fertile farming region) Nicknames: Yellow River – fine, yellowish brown top soil called loess “China’s Sorrow” – river has flooded, destroyed villages and killed people Chang Jiang River (Yangtze River) Asia’s longest river (almost 4000 miles long) 3rd longest river in world Forms China’s “rice bowl” – most fertile region where most agriculture is grown Xe River (pronounced Shee)
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Three Gorges Dam… China’s biggest construction project since the Great Wall of China Workers are working to finish the dam sometime in 2009 Positive Effects: Control the flooding of the Chang Jiang River Huge ships will be able to sail into the interior of China Will create as much electricity as 18 nuclear power plants Negative Effects: Stopping the flow of the river does not allow toxins to flow out to sea Will “drown” more than 100 towns 1.2 million people will need to be relocated from these towns The land that is flooded is some of the most fertile farmland
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Ring of Fire… Japan lies along a subduction zone Ring of Fire
Pacific Plate dives under Eurasian plate Japan is located on most tectonically active area in the world Nearly 50 active volcanoes As many as 1,500 earthquakes occur each year Ring of Fire Area in the Pacific where there are violent earthquakes and volcanoes due to the meeting of tectonic plates in the earth’s surface
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Climate… Tsunami Typhoons
Large sea waves created by undersea tectonic activity like earthquakes Typhoons Hurricanes in the Pacific that occur from August to October Summer monsoon - blows over the Pacific Ocean and brings hot, humid weather and lots of rain Winter monsoon - blows from the north and brings cold, dry weather
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Natural Resources… China Japan Very rich in natural resources
World’s leading producer of coal Provides 70% of its energy Japan Limited natural resources Import raw materials Still an industrial powerhouse 65% of Japan is forests
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Population… China Taiwan Japan Korea Mongolia
World’s largest population 1.3 billion people 94% of the people belong to the Han nationality Taiwan Most of the people of Taiwan are Chinese Descendents of the Nationalist Party who fled the mainland of China after the defeat of the Nationalists by the Communists Japan Ethnically homogeneous - a group of people that are very similar to one another Korea Politically divided into 2 countries: North Korea and South Korea Share a common culture & ancestry Mongolia Homogeneous population 90% are Mongols
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Population Distribution…
China 3/4 of the people live in rural areas Experiencing rapid urbanization Japan Urban areas are very crowded 3/4 of the people live in cities Koreas More people live in South Korea Many North Koreans are trying to migrate to South Korea to have freedom Mongolia Twice the size of Texas – but only 2.7 million people Least densely populated country in the world Taiwan High population density because it is a small island
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Great Wall of China… Built for protection against invaders
Built in 7th century B.C. but linked together in 221 B.C. Stretches 4,160 miles
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Chinese History… Dynasty – period of time when region is ruled by
members of the same family Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty Word China comes from Ch’in Began construction of Great Wall of China Ming Dynasty Ming means brilliant Ming Dynasty brought peace and stability to China Qing Dynasty New dynasty called Qing (pronounced Ching) which means “pure” The Qing Dynasty was run by the Manchus The Manchus invaded China and took over Outnumbered by the Chinese 30:1
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Chinese History… Portuguese set up trading posts
Chinese were overwhelmed with foreign aggression 1842 – Britain captured Hong Kong 1895 – Japan captured Taiwan 1912 – formed Republic of China 1945 – Nationalist Party & Communist Party fought for control of China Communists set up People’s Republic of China Nationalists retreated to island of Taiwan
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Following WWII, China was under the leadership of Mao Zedong
Land plots were small Government seized all private land and organized farmland into collective farms Later organized collective farms into larger communes Families had to move and work the farms Government tried to limit the population with One Child Policy Government controlled economy & agriculture Mao’s program was disastrous Inefficiency famine Chinese History…
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Japanese History… A.D. 700 – Japan developed unique political system (feudal system) Feudal system means that the country is divided into communities Emperor Political leader Shogun Military leader Held the real power in society Daimyo – wealthy landlords Samurai – warriors Peasants Fighting between the daimyos led to instability in Japan
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Japanese History… Portuguese traders arrived in Japan in 1500s
The emperors decided that contact with outsiders was a risk to Japan The only Europeans the Japanese allowed for trade were the Dutch Felt the Dutch were interested in trade not in taking over their country Japan remained isolated from 1600s to mid-1800s – Seclusion Policy After Japan re-opened its borders, it began to modernize and reform Japan soon became an industrial and military power
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Japanese History… Japan expands its borders after the country opens back up 1895 – Japanese takes Taiwan from China 1905 – Japanese gain control of parts of Russia after Russo-Japanese War 1910 – Japan annexed Korea 1937 – Japan invaded rest of China 1941 – Japanese attack Pearl Harbor Japan controls most of Southeast Asia and is most powerful country in this region
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Korean History… Japan lost control of Korea after WWII
U.S. & Soviet Union divided Korea along 38th parallel North Korea – set up communist government South Korea – held democratic elections 1950 – N. Korea invaded S. Korea Korean War is fought until 1953 Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) – 150 miles of buffer zone between N. & S. Korea
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Language…
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Religion… Major religions of East Asia:
Buddhism Stresses unimportance of material goods Taoism Live simple life in harmony with nature Confucianism Based on teachings of Chinese philosopher, Confucius More code of ethics than a religion Shintoism Centers around worship of natural spirits and ancestors Christianity Islam China and North Korea have communist governments that discourage religion Religion…
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Confucius Says… "When anger arises, think of the consequences". "Life is really simple, but men insist on making it complicated." "It does not matter how slow you go so long as you do not stop." "Everything has beauty but not everyone sees it." "Study the past as if you would define the Future." "Have no friends not equal to yourself." "Respect yourself and others will respect you." "Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses." "The only constant is change." “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.”
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Japanese Culture… Traditional dress includes kimono – long robe with wide sleeves Kabuki – Japanese theatre portraying historical events Geishas- women who were professional performers (singing, dancing, and very cultured) Haiku- popular form of poetry
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Agriculture… China Japan Koreas Taiwan Mongolia 10% is arable
Most agricultural country in East Asia 60% of the people work in farming World’s leading producer of rice and wheat Paddy fields – wet lands where rice is grown Japan 5% of workers are farmers Farmland is scarce Government provides subsidies – financial support Koreas A lot of the land is mountainous and not good for farming As industries grow, more people are moving to cities and less are farmers Taiwan Farmers have small plots of land Mongolia Former communist nation and still follows model of collective farms
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Fishing… Aquaculture – raising and harvesting fish and marine life in ponds or other bodies of water Japan, China and South Korea are three of the world’s leading fishing nations Commercial fishing is a large part of the economy
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Industry… Japan China Korea Mongolia
Long history of Japanese industrial success One reason for Japan’s success is the productive workforce with strong work ethic Export economy – goods are produced mainly for export rather than domestic use Japan has built up a trade surplus The United States is Japan’s largest trading partner China China lags behind the other East Asian countries due to their communist government Poor government planning Lack of skilled workers Korea South Korea is much more industrialized than North Korea North Korean government runs the industries Mongolia Not very industrialized
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Environment… China Japan Coal causes major air pollution
Burning coal gives off sulfur dioxide and causes acid rain As industrialization increases in China: pollution will increase consume more energy Japan Highly industrialized and populated, it creates a lot of waste In the 1970s, the government began to encourage industries to prevent pollution Today, Japan has one of the world’s strictest pollution control laws The Japanese have used technology to clean up or prevent pollution
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