1. Entering the World Stage America Becomes an Imperialist Power

3. What is Imperialism?

4. Reasons for imperialism: Industrial Revolution – New markets for goods – Raw materials for manufacturing – Naval refueling stations

5. US Foreign Investment 1869-1908

6. Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

7. Reasons for imperialism: (con’t) Power & prestige – Nationalism

8. Reasons for imperialism: (con’t) Ideology – Social Darwinism – Missionaries

9. American Missionaries in China

10. Imperialist nations: Great Britain France United States Belgium Germany Japan

14. Alaska

15. “Seward’s Folly” 1867 Purchased from Russia for $7.2 million

16. “Seward’s Icebox”

17. Hawaii

18. 1778—James Cook explored HA

19. Hawaii American Missionaries Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

20. Hawaii Ideal for fueling station & for trade Sugar cane plantations

21. Hawaii King Kalakaua—negotiates treaty w/ US to import sugar Queen Liliuakalani—overthrown by sugar planters Sanford Dole—becomes president of HA 1898—HA becomes US territory

22. US view of Hawaii

24. Hawaiian annexation

25. China

26. Europe—carves out spheres of influence Open Door Policy—proposed by John Hay

28. China Boxer Rebellion

32. Japan

33. Began the 1800s isolated & unindustrialized Matthew Perry opened trade w/ Japan Japan industrializes & begins trading

34. Gentlemen’s Agreement US & Japan agree to end Japanese immigration to US CA ends segregation of Japanese schools children

35. Treaty of Portsmouth:1905 Ends Russo- Japanese War Earns Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize

36. Spanish American War

37. Causes of Span-Amer War Cubans revolt against Spain – José Marti & yellow journalism – Spanish General Valeriano Weyler De Lome letter USS Maine

39. Joseph Pulitzer William Randolf Hearst Image from Gen. Weyler’s “Reconcentration Camps” Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

41. Dupuy de Lome, Spanish Ambassador to US Criticized President McKinnley

42. Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain!

43. Spanish American War Cuba – Strategy: control port city of Santiago – Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders Battle of San Juan Hill – US Navy sinks entire Spanish fleet Philippines – Commodore Dewey Manila Bay – Emilio Aguinaldo: leads rebels against Spanish – Surrounded by Dewey & Aguinaldo, Spanish surrender

49. Results of the Span-Amer War Spain gives up all claims to Cuba US gains Puerto Rico & Guam Spain gives up Philippines for $20 million US seen as strong militarily & financially

50. The Philippines

51. Controversy over annexation For annexation US had duty to spread ideals & values (Christianity & Democracy) Don’t want territory to fall under another country’s control Against annexation Annexation would violated ideals of self rule & independence Might increase immigration

55. Philippines The U.S. annexes of the Philippines in 1899. Fighting broke out in the Philippines. Filipinos battled U.S. for 3 years. Filipino voters elected members to the lower house of their legislature. They could elect members of both houses in 1916. July 4, 1946, the US granted full independence to the Philippines.

56. Latin America

57. Cuba

58. McKinnley est. military gov’t. in Cuba Advances made toward eliminating yellow fever – Dr. Walter Reed, Dr. William C. Gorgas, Dr. Juan Finlay Leonard Wood—US appointed governor – New constitution – Platt Amendment

59. Cuba & the Platt Amendment Gives the US right to intervene in Cuban affairs Cuba has limited ability to sign treaties w/ other countries Est. military base at Guantanamo Bay Makes Cuba protectorate of US

60. Puerto Rico

61. US est. military gov’t. & governed PR as a territory Foraker Act – US appoints gov’t. & upper house of legislature 1917—grants Puerto Ricans citizenship & ability to elect both houses of legislature 1952—PR becomes a self governing commonwealth; US controls trade, immigration & military affairs

62. Panama

64. 1902—US bought rights to build canal from French Pres. Roosevelt supports Panamanian rebels in fight for independence from Colombia – Treaty w/ new gov’t. gives US 10 mile wide canal zone

66. Panama 1904—Amer. Begins work on canal 1914—1 st ship travels through canal Poor working conditions, material shortages, malaria, yellow fever – Dr. Gorgas worked to eliminate mosquitoes

67. Monroe Doctrine & Roosevelt Corollary

68. 1823--Monroe Doctrine: declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European nations. 1904—US pledged to use force to prevent European countries from seizing territory or intervening

70. Dollar Diplomacy Taft promotes Dollar Diplomacy— promoting US economic interests in other countries & using economic power to achieve goals – US buys out Lat. Amer. loans

71. US investment in Latin America

72. Mexico

73. 1877-1910: Dictator Porfirio Díaz – Brought stability; jailed opponents – Modernization; majority live in poverty 1911: Francisco Madero – Jailed by Díaz; fled country; returned to rebellion & took presidency Emiliano Zapata (land reform) Francisco “Pancho” Villa & Pascual Orozco

74. Porfirio Diaz Francisco Madero

75. Emiliano Zapata Pancho Villa

76. Mexico 1913: Victoriano Huerta uses army to imprison & execute Madero; becomes president – Pres. Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s gov’t.; sells arms to enemies – Huerta arrests & releases several US soldiers; Wilson demands apology; Congress authorizes use of force Battle of Veracruz

77. Mexico 1914: Huerta flees to Spain Venustiano Carranza becomes pres. w/ support of Pres. Wilson – Zapata & Villa are against Carranza; lead attacks on Amer. Border – Wilson sends Gen. John Pershing to Mexico to find Villa

78. Venustiano Carranza

79. Uncle Sam, “One of the Boys”?

80. What has the US fought for?

81. The Great White Fleet