1. The Spanish-American War

2. A War on Two Fronts -U.S. Navy blockaded Cuba -why?
-commodore George Dewy (Hong Kong) was ordered to attack the Spanish fleet located in their colony the Philippines

3. The Battle of Manila Bay
-May 1, George Dewy destroyed all 8 severely outgunned Spanish warships
-20,000 troops sailed from San Francisco to the Philippines
-picked up Guam on the way
-Dewy contacted Emilio Aguinaldo- and asked to lead a rebellion against the Spanish – U.S. will help
-Rebels took control of most of the islands and U.S. Manila

5. American Forces in Cuba
-June 14, ,000 forces landed east of Santiago in Cuba
-US wanted to seize Spanish shore-based guns that occupied Santiago Harbor – flee and U.S. fleet waiting for them

7. American Forces in Cuba
-U.S. troops advancing towards Santiago was the “Rough Riders”- group of flamboyant cowboys, miners, law officers
-“Rough Riders” command by Colonel Leonard Wood & Theodore Roosevelt was
2nd in command

9. American Forces in Cuba
-July 1 U.S. troops attacked the village on El Caney – Northwest of Santiago
-others attacked
-Kettle Hill- “Rough Riders”
- all black 9th & 10th Cavalry
-1/4 of troops were African American
-4 Medals of Honor
-San Juan Hill- Rough Riders helped others seize

11. American Forces in Cuba
-Spanish commander flees after victory in El Caney & San Juan Heights
-U.S. fire on Spanish while leaving = they surrender
-U.S. also occupies nearby Puerto Rico

12. An American Empire
-December 10, U.S. and Spain sign the Treaty of Paris
Cuba = independent nation
U.S. acquired Puerto Rico & Guam
annex Philippines for $20 million

13. The Platt Amendment
Cuba wrote a constitution - they left out the U.S.
U.S. wanted Cuba to make provisions-Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment stated that:
1. Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory
2. The U.S reserved the right to intervene in Cuba
3. Cuba was not to go into debt
4. The U.S could buy or lease land on the island for naval & refueling stations

14. The Platt Amendment -Cuba needed to sign or U.S. would not leave
In 1903, Cuba signed = Protectorate- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

15. Governing Puerto Rico
1900 congress passed the Foraker Act- ended military rule & set up a civil gov’t in Puerto Rico
1917-Puerto Ricans granted the right to U.S citizenship & elect their own governor

16. Filipinos Rebel Filipinos outraged by the Treaty of Paris
Emilio Aguinaldo -believed that the U.S. had promised independence
In Feb Filipinos revolted
Emilio Aguinaldo turned to guerrilla tactics = U.S forced Filipinos to live in designated zones where starvation and diseases killed thousands
U.S. set up a similar gov’t that was in Puerto Rico
Philippines became an independent republic on July 4, 1946.