1. Adolescence and Adulthood (pp. 460-487) Music: “Smells like Teen Spirit” Nirvana “I’m an Adult Now” The Pursuit of Happiness

2. Today’s Agenda From last week: Attachment & Parenting From last week: Attachment & Parenting 1. Adolescence 1. Adolescence a) Storm and Stress? a) Storm and Stress? b) Moral development b) Moral development c) Identity Formation c) Identity Formation 2. Adulthood 2. Adulthood a) What makes marriages last? a) What makes marriages last? b) Midlife: The best years b) Midlife: The best years 3. Old Age: 3. Old Age: Predictors of longevity Predictors of longevity 4. Movie: “Skin Deep: Understanding Self-Injury” 4. Movie: “Skin Deep: Understanding Self-Injury”

3. From last week: Laughing Babies

4. 2. E) Attachment Close emotional relationship between a child and a caregiver Close emotional relationship between a child and a caregiver Ramifications of severe neglect (e.g. orphaned children) Ramifications of severe neglect (e.g. orphaned children) 3 attachment styles: 3 attachment styles: Secure (65%) Secure (65%) Avoidant (20%) Avoidant (20%) Anxious/ Ambivalent (15%) Anxious/ Ambivalent (15%) Originates from caregiver responsiveness and child’s temperament (see p. 448-449) Originates from caregiver responsiveness and child’s temperament (see p. 448-449) Caregiving styles: Caregiving styles: warm, responsive vs. cold, rejecting, or inconsistent, misattuned warm, responsive vs. cold, rejecting, or inconsistent, misattuned The “good enough” mother The “good enough” mother

5. 2. E) Attachment (cont’d) Ramifications in adulthood: Ramifications in adulthood: Secure: Secure: “I find it relatively easy to get close to others, and am comfortable depending on them.” “I find it relatively easy to get close to others, and am comfortable depending on them.” Avoidant: Avoidant: “I am somewhat uncomfortable being close to others; I find it difficult to trust them… I get nervous when anyone gets too close.” “I am somewhat uncomfortable being close to others; I find it difficult to trust them… I get nervous when anyone gets too close.” Anxious- Ambivalent: Anxious- Ambivalent: “I find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I worry that my partner doesn’t really love me, or won’t stay with me…” “I find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I worry that my partner doesn’t really love me, or won’t stay with me…”

6. 2. F) Parenting styles Authoritarian: Authoritarian: Stress obedience to authority Stress obedience to authority More controlling, punitive, and parent-centered More controlling, punitive, and parent-centered Authoritative: Authoritative: Have high standards for children, but more flexible in their authority Have high standards for children, but more flexible in their authority More child-centered; bidirectional communication More child-centered; bidirectional communication Indulgent: Indulgent: Parents exercise little control; permissive Parents exercise little control; permissive Let children learn through their own experience Let children learn through their own experience Neglectful: Neglectful: Relationship is uninvolved Relationship is uninvolved Outcome on child behaviour Outcome on child behaviour

7. 1.Adolescence Begins at puberty: Begins at puberty: Follows 2 years of pubescent growth spurt Follows 2 years of pubescent growth spurt Puberty: Marked by sexual maturity Puberty: Marked by sexual maturity Girls: menarche, 12.5 yrs (10-15 yrs) Girls: menarche, 12.5 yrs (10-15 yrs) Boys: production of live sperm, 14 years (11-16 yrs) Boys: production of live sperm, 14 years (11-16 yrs) Roughly 13-22 years Roughly 13-22 years Ends when you become independent from parents Ends when you become independent from parents Emotionally and financially Emotionally and financially

8. 1.Adolescence (cont’d) 1. Development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics, p. 463

9. 1. Adolescence (cont’d) a) Period of storm and stress? a) Period of storm and stress? (i) Conflict with parents (i) Conflict with parents Issues: Appearance, dating, curfews Issues: Appearance, dating, curfews (ii) Mood disruptions (ii) Mood disruptions Extreme emotions & higher rates of depressed mood Extreme emotions & higher rates of depressed mood (iii) Risky behaviours: (iii) Risky behaviours: potential for harm to self and/or others. potential for harm to self and/or others. E.g. crime (p. 453), drug use, risky sexual behaviour E.g. crime (p. 453), drug use, risky sexual behaviour Canadian campus survey: Canadian campus survey: 68% sexually active 68% sexually active 30% never use condom; 30% irregular 30% never use condom; 30% irregular 30% contract STD; 1 in 7 get pregnant 30% contract STD; 1 in 7 get pregnant

10. b) Moral development Pre-conventional level: before 9 yrs Pre-conventional level: before 9 yrs Self-interest determines what is right and wrong Self-interest determines what is right and wrong What is punished (1) or rewarded (2) What is punished (1) or rewarded (2) Conventional level: early adolescence Conventional level: early adolescence Society (social approval) dictates what is right and wrong Society (social approval) dictates what is right and wrong Approval by others (3) or laws (4) Approval by others (3) or laws (4) Post-conventional level: Post-conventional level: Affirm agreed upon human rights but also affirm personal ethical guidelines Affirm agreed upon human rights but also affirm personal ethical guidelines Recognize fallible laws (5); abstract principles (6) Recognize fallible laws (5); abstract principles (6)

11. 1. c) Identity Formation Erikson’s stages, Fig. 11.8, p. 451 Erikson’s stages, Fig. 11.8, p. 451 Identity Crisis: WHO AM I?? Identity Crisis: WHO AM I?? What needs to be resolved: What needs to be resolved: Integrate different roles to form a comfortable sense of self Integrate different roles to form a comfortable sense of self Acquire self-certainty, self-esteem Acquire self-certainty, self-esteem Develop comfortable sexual identity Develop comfortable sexual identity Make plans for future career: Where am I going in life? Make plans for future career: Where am I going in life? Differentiate between legitimate and arbitrary authority Differentiate between legitimate and arbitrary authority Make an ideological commitment (find set of values) Make an ideological commitment (find set of values)

12. c) Identity: 4 Stages (p. 467)c) Identity: 4 Stages (p. 467) Identity Achievement Identity Achievement Sense of self and direction, after having considered alternatives Sense of self and direction, after having considered alternatives Identity Foreclosure Identity Foreclosure Premature adoption of values and roles based on parents or society’s views Premature adoption of values and roles based on parents or society’s views Identity Moratorium Identity Moratorium Active struggle for a sense of identity Active struggle for a sense of identity Experiment with different ideologies and careers Experiment with different ideologies and careers Identity diffusion Identity diffusion Absence of struggle, apathy, cynicism and a lack of direction Absence of struggle, apathy, cynicism and a lack of direction

13. 2. Adulthood a) Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) a) Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) What makes marriages last? What makes marriages last? Survey of 350 couples married 15 years: Survey of 350 couples married 15 years: My spouse is my best friend My spouse is my best friend Value commitment/ Want the relationship to succeed Value commitment/ Want the relationship to succeed Agree on aims and goals & philosophy of life Agree on aims and goals & philosophy of life Find spouse interesting Find spouse interesting Laugh together Laugh together Agree on how to show affection Agree on how to show affection

14. 2. Adulthood b) Midlife (40-60 years): The best years b) Midlife (40-60 years): The best years Generativity vs. self-absorbtion (Erikson) Generativity vs. self-absorbtion (Erikson) Psychic equanimity: Psychic equanimity: Increased well-being Increased well-being Greater sense of control Greater sense of control Active and involved Active and involved Only 23% (or less) report a midlife crisis Only 23% (or less) report a midlife crisis Feel younger than their age Feel younger than their age

15. 3. Old age Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson) Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson) Predictors of longevity: Predictors of longevity: Heredity Heredity Intelligence / Education Intelligence / Education Cognitive stimulation helps prevent dementia Cognitive stimulation helps prevent dementia Not being overweight Not being overweight Eating fruits and vegetables Eating fruits and vegetables Not smoking Not smoking Drinking alcohol moderately Drinking alcohol moderately Exercise Exercise Good sleep Good sleep Being married Being married Having at least 2 close friend Having at least 2 close friend

16. 4.. Movie: “Skin Deep: Understanding Self-Injury” “Each year, nearly two million people injure their own bodies using knives, scissors, glass, cigarettes, candles, razors, in fact, practically any destructive item they can find. Through interviews with patients and mental health professionals and footage of actual therapy sessions, this compelling program seeks to understand a deeply disturbing and often secretive mental disorder that affects as many teens and young adults as anorexia” (22 min. 2000). “Each year, nearly two million people injure their own bodies using knives, scissors, glass, cigarettes, candles, razors, in fact, practically any destructive item they can find. Through interviews with patients and mental health professionals and footage of actual therapy sessions, this compelling program seeks to understand a deeply disturbing and often secretive mental disorder that affects as many teens and young adults as anorexia” (22 min. 2000). Available in the Sound and Moving Image Library in Scott: DVD 10395 Available in the Sound and Moving Image Library in Scott: DVD 10395

17. Until next week…