1. Unit 2 Crossing limits

2. China’s trade relations with other countries date back several thousand years.Its trade relations to the west were largely carried out along the famous Silk Road. In the early 15 th century,China also started exploring destinations beyond Southeast Asia. For a short time,China ruled the sea. Introduction Through the “Silk Road”, China got in touch with some other countries over land.

3. Silk road began from_________ along the Gansu Corridor （通道） and then to ______ and _________ To ________ in exchange for spices and silk Chang’An IndiaMiddle east Rome What do you know about the Silk Road?

4. rhinoceros horn Gan Ying a Chinese ambassador, went to the East Roman Empire over land and returned to Luoyang with a present from an African king ---- rhinoceros horn in 97 AD

5. Reaching out across the ocean This passage is about exploring to Africa. It will tell us the history of the contacts between China and Africa

6. 1)How do you understand the the title “ reaching out across the ocean? --Chinese were reaching to the oceans 2)Why did Chinese reach out across the ocean? --They wanted to trade with the western lands and show friendship to them.

7. 形成人们努力 ( 探索世 界 ) 的基础 形成人们努力 ( 探索世 界 ) 的基础 人类的努力 人类的努力 鼓舞某人做某事 鼓舞某人做某事 寻找，搜索 寻找，搜索 很久以前 / 不久以后 很久以前 / 不久以后 form the foundation forform the foundation for mankind’s endeavour mankind’s endeavour inspire sb. to doinspire sb. to do search forsearch for long before/before longlong before/before long P1

8. 1.Why did the early explorers set sail to reach out across the ocean? (Para1) (1). Trade and curiosity … (2). World map was … (3). … inspired explorers to search for … Listening 2.What was Columbus’s purpose of searching for the wealthy Asian lands? ---to seek treasure.

9. 3.Which ocean does “ Western Ocean ” refer to? ---It referred to part of the Pacific Ocean and part of Indian Ocean. Who explored the Western Ocean before Columbus

10. . 众所周知. 与 … 有接触 / 联系 交换 交换 ( 偶然 ) 遇到( 偶然 ) 遇到 It is well known that…It is well known that… have contacts withhave contacts with in exchange forin exchange for meet withmeet with P 2 发展成为 发展成为 坐落在非洲海岸的 坐落在非洲海岸的 王国和岛屿 王国和岛屿 develop intodevelop into the kingdoms and the islands off the African coastthe kingdoms and the islands off the African coast P3

11. What was silk in exchange for? And where was it traded? (Para2) What was the world ’ s trading center over the next few hundred years? (Para3) Spices and glass. Along the coast of the Indian Ocean. The Swahili kingdoms and the islands off the African coast

12. 被抓, 被俘虏 被抓, 被俘虏 流浪，闲逛 提供有关 … 的信息 提供有关 … 的信息 be taken prisonerbe taken prisoner ( take sb. prisoner) wander throughwander through give information ongive information on The Arabic contacts to the African coast led to the next meeting between black people and a Chinese. P4

13. How did a Chinese meet black people? What was the result?(Para4) The Arabic contacts to the African coast led to… Du Huan wrote Records of My Travels, which gives information on Central Asian, Arabic and African countries.

14. 拓展到，伸出到 拓展到，伸出到 追溯到 追溯到 reach out toreach out to date from (=date back to)date from (=date back to) P5 It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China.It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China. The Africans left the African land and came for a visit to China by sea.The Africans left the African land and came for a visit to China by sea.

15. 正式往来的时机成熟了。 正式往来的时机成熟了。 到达了繁盛时期 到达了繁盛时期 中国的新朝代开始繁荣了。 中国的新朝代开始繁荣了。 The time was ripe for a grand meeting. reach the height of power China prospered under a new dynasty. P6 It was the right moment to meet.

16. And what was the result of the contacts between China and Africa? (Para5-6) …led to the awareness of…existence …the time was ripe for a grand meeting.

17. Which countries or merchants explored the western ocean before Columbus? (Para2-6) (1). In the earlist times: (Para2) (Para2) (2). Over the next few hundred years: (Para3-4) (Para3-4) (3). In the 11 th century (Para5-6): Africa China, Gan Ying Swahili kingdoms; Arabic countries Egypt, Greece, Rome; India, Ceylon; China; Africa Du Huan Africans (4). In the years between 1405-1433: (Para7-9) (Para7-9) Zheng He, Ming dynasty Africa (in different periods)

18. Marco Polo’s stories _______ explorers to _________ Asian lands.However, before them some were the real explorers of it. Firstly, from the earlist times, Africa ______________ India and Red Sea Civilisations. Silk from China was ______________ spices and glass. And it was also traded along the coast of Indian ocean. Chinese merchants _________ Arab merchants at Ceylon for its ______________. Secondly, the Swahili kingdoms and the islands off the African coast ______________ the world’s trading center over the next few hundred years. Because of the contacts between Arab and African coast, Du Huan was ______________ the Arabic army. But he escaped and wrote his _________________. In the 11 th century, the Africans ____________________ to the Song Dynasty. inspiredsearch for had contacts with in exchange for met with central position developed into taken prisoner by Record of My Travels madeseveral voyages

19. Before the Song Dynasty which means of transport did Chinese travelers mainly use? over land. the way of travel

20. Zheng He is famous for having made several great voyages to the West Ocean, reaching as far as Africa. an amazing feat of human endeavour.

21. 商船队 商船队 在 …… 的领导之下 在 …… 的领导之下 起航 起航 红海海口 红海海口 treasure fleets under the command of set sail (to / from / for) the mouth of the Red Sea  the entrance to the Red Sea P 7 1.The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited China ’ s curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors and open embassies in the new Ming capital, Beijing.

22. 和 … 重新确立关系 和 … 重新确立关系 送某人贵重礼物 送某人贵重礼物 送信 送信 设立使馆 设立使馆 作为回报 作为回报 renew relations withrenew relations with send sb. a royal presentsend sb. a royal present send a message to sb.send a message to sb. open embassiesopen embassies in returnin return P 8 2,The exchange for goods had a symbolic meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves. 货物交流的象征意义比货物本身的价值要重要的多。 货物交流的象征意义比货物本身的价值要重要的多。

23. Para9: For a short time, China had ruled the seas.  For a short time, China had been the most powerful country at sea.

24. Para7-9: Zheng Her’s voyage time: achievements: routes: exchanged gifts: significance: 1405 --- 1433 way of travel: by boat zebras, giraffes, shells, ivory, rhinoceros-horn medicine discover; renew relation with; invite; friendly; rule the sea gold; spices; silk; various other presents. China : Africa:

25. In the years between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then travelled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa. a Chinese navigator in the Ming Dynasty

26. HOMEWORK