2. George Washington 1 st President Problems with other nations (Foreign) Problems at home (Domestic)

3. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Native Americans Tariff Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party (factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

4. American Economy at this point Mostly Agriculture Businesses were just getting started Manufacturing is in its infancy (just a baby) What’s manufacturing? It is when you buy some cotton and make it (manufacture) into a T-shirt. We sold the cotton and other raw materials to European nations…ie.. France, England, Spain

5. Foreign Businesses Been manufacturing for years. Very good at it, lots of factories and mills. Very little raw materials Depended on us and other nations for raw materials. What’s a raw material? What’s used to make something else Cotton is the raw material in T-shirts Sugar can is the raw material for Rum

6. Tariff Issue A tariff is a tax on a foreign imported good.

7. U.S. Tariff We charge 50% Spain England France U.S. Foreign business T-shirts $5.00 American Business T-shirts $7.00 When your shopping who’s ya gonna buy ? $$$$The Cheapest One!!$$$$ Questions Do the foreign business like this? Do American Businesses like this? Do American Consumers like this? Who does this favor a farmer or a big businessman? What can (if anything) the U.S. government do? Foreign T-shirts now $7.50 $$$Now Who’s ya gonna buy?$$$ $$$$The Cheapest One!!$$$$ Questions Do the foreign business like this? Do American Businesses like this? Do American Consumers like this? Who does this favor a farmer or a big businessman? What can (if anything) the U.S. government do?

8. A tariff is a tax on a foreign imported good. Issue: Hurts southern farmers and poor Helps protect Northern businessmen Causes tensions Raises foreign relations issues

9. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Native Americans Tariff Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party (factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

10. Washington and our New Government Cabinet-Chief advisors TJ-Sec. Of State AH-Treasury ($) Henry Knox-war dept (general) Edmund Randolph- AG (lawyer)

11. No two men could be more different than Jefferson and Hamilton

12. Differences between these to guys Thomas Jefferson Farmer (Southerner) Believed in strong state and local gov’t. Favored and trusted common person. LOCALIST Alexander Hamilton Businessman (Northerner) Believed in strong Federal gov’t. Wealthy and educated in control. NATIONALIST

13. Big questions for the New Nation Power of Federal Government (scope) What should it do? Political Ideology How should it? Who gets the power?

14. So about our Big questions for the New Nation Power of Federal Government (scope)? Political Ideology? Do these guys agree on any of these? NO! What might form because of these two men?

15. First two Political Parties in U.S. History Jeffersonian- Republicans Federalist

16. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party (factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

17. The First Congress Approved Bill of Rights Passed whiskey excise tax Which caused the Whiskey rebellion! !Nice job guys! Judiciary Act of 1789 Most important thing of the first congress Set up a system of federal courts Chief Justice 5 Justices 13 districts Inferior federal courts Established federal judicial review of state made laws

18. Whiskey Rebellion Washington uses power of new Army to enforce the collection of the tax and rebellion put down. FEDERAL POWER Mingo Creek PA Farmers conducting an armed revolt against tax collectors.

19. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party (factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

20. Hamilton’s Economic Plan National debt problem (we owe a bunch of $) Here is how we’ll get it Excise tax-tax on specific goods (cigarettes, liquor, etc) Establishment of national bank (The BUS) Benefited businessmen and merchants but not farmers Suggested moving the capital from NY to a city in the South (D.C.) to gain support for his plan from southerners

21. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party (factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

22. Revolution in France Rebels revolt in France against Tyrannical King American sentiments (feelings) are split Support rebels???? Or Not????

23. The Beginning of Foreign Policy French Revolution- Britain declares war on France. Both countries ask USA to be an ally. Hamilton favors Britain. Jefferson favors France. France sends Edmond (Citizen) Genet to get U.S. support. “Rico Suave’ Genet” GW is furious and demands he leave!

24. ???What is old GW gonna do??? Washington declares NEUTRALITY Stay out of it! This is a really big deal!

25. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Native Americans Tariff Domestic

26. Treaties Jay Treaty Dealing with Great Britain removed British from Appalachians Gave most favored status Pinckney Treaty Dealing with Spain US gets access to N. Orleans stay out of Floridian Spanish territory.

27. Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff Domestic

28. Washington’s Farewell Address UNITY, UNITY, UNITY Stay out of permanent foreign alliances. Avoid sectionalism-division in our country In other words do NOT form political parties. Did we listen to George’s advice and warnings?

29. Election of 1796 John Adams v. Thomas Jefferson Adams Federalist Former VP to Washington Jefferson Democratic-Republican Former Sec.of State

30. John Adams Adams wins Constitution stated runner-up should be VP. Federalist President and Republican VP Jay Treaty creates issues Angers French – they plunder 90 U.S. Ships and impress sailors Adams sends ambassador to meet with French ambassador Talleyrand.

31. XYZ, Alien and Sedition Acts XYZ French ask for bribes to negotiate Nation is furious Alien Act Allow the Pres to deport or jail any “undesirable” alien. Sedition Act Set fines and jail for any person trying to hinder the gov’t Could not say anything false or malicious about government. What freedom does this violate? The 1 st Amendment!!!

32. Jefferson’s Response to Alien and Sedition Acts Jefferson and James Madison pass Virginia and Kentucky Resolution. Stated that states have a right to nullify (void) any law deemed unconstitutional. Because the law violates the 1 st Amend. Struggle of power between Federalist and Republicans continue. Or between federal gov’t and state gov’t. Localist vs. Nationalist

33. Political Climate Federalists Favor Britain Loose a little with JAY Treaty Passed alien acts Passed sedition acts Feds loose over the above Loose interpretation Democratic – Republicans Favor French Loose a little w/ XYZ Passed Virginia and Kentucky resolves DR’s win over the above Strict interpretation

34. Summary Adam’s Presidency XYZ affair Alien and Sedition Acts French peace compromise Gave him a bad name with his own party “Midnight Appointments” Selection of federal judges

35. The Election of 1800 John Adams Federalist For Businessmen Industry Nation over states Thomas Jefferson Democratic republican For farmers States rights Simple gov’t Jefferson WINS “Revolution of 1800”

36. Jefferson’s Presidency Marbury v. Madison in Adam’s midnight justice scheme. Began judicial review. Power of S.Court to declare laws passed by Congress to be unconstitutional. Jefferson sent J. Monroe to buy New Orleans from France. Napoleon would only sell all of Louisiana. Doubled size of USA. $15 million. Jefferson exercised a loose interpretation of Constitution. Jefferson sends Lewis and Clark to explore to new Frontier Embargo of 1807-stop trade with foreign countries. Hurt northern businesses. Hartford Convention-north threatens to secede.

37. The road to War in 1812 Indian resistance Attack pioneer settlers expanding westward Tecumseh led and Indian confederation Join in an alliance with Great Britain British Supplying Indians weapons Treatment of US ships War Hawks Young politicians Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Desired expansion westward Cut ties w/ Britain

38. War of 1812 William Harrison defeats Tecumseh at Tippecanoe. Treaty of Ghent- Ends War boundary 49 th parallel Battle of New Orleans- Andy Jackson hero.

39. Industrial Revolution Growth of industry in America Power driven machines = mass production Samuel Slater-textile machines to US (north) from England. Fuels need for more southern cotton. Eli’s cotton gin allows more efficient production Fuels the need for more slaves.

40. Henry Clay’s American System Plan to unify country economically = self sufficient (no imports) Internal improvements in America Roads, canals, bridges for easy transportation Protective tariff Increase power of national bank. Erie Canal-connects Midwest (Ohio) to New York (Atlantic)

41. Court Cases and the Federal Governments power Gibbons v. Ogden-1824 federal gov’t regulates interstate commerce. McCulloch v. Maryland-1819 state can’t tax federal bank. Both cases ruled on by Chief Justice John Marshall (nationalist).

42. Big Events with Monroe Sec. of State J.Q. Adams under Pres. Monroe Adams-Onis Treaty- Spain gave us FL and left Oregon. Pres. Monroe- Monroe Doctrine-warns Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere = N. and S. America Creating new colonies will be considered “dangerous to our safety.” We will stay out of European affairs.

43. Monroe Doctrine What is Uncle Sam’s advice in this cartoon?

44. Age of Jackson Lost 1824 Election-Corrupt Bargain Henry Clay dropped out of race to get support for American System. 1828 Campaign-appeal to common folk; “Old Hickory” Practiced Spoils system or patronage; reward jobs to friends.

45. Nationalism and westward expansion Factors Push-forced to leave because of population explosion, competition for jobs, and resources. Pull-attracted by free land and opportunities for growth. Missouri Compromise Admission of new states Issues 10 states to 10 states in the Senate ????slaves or not???? 36/30

46. Native Americans Indian Removal Act 1830 assimilation failed trying to blend Indians into Whitey’s society. Displacement wins Remove them from the land Trail of tears Worcester v. Georgia 1832 Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee

47. State’s Rights and National Bank Brits angry about War of 1812- flood US with cheap goods. Congress passes tariff and increased twice. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina called it the Tariff of Abominations 1828. Calhoun devised nullification theory-void federal law. John C. Calhoun State’s Rights Man

48. South responds SC rebels- state’s rights to nullify threaten to secede. Jackson threatens to hang Calhoun and send in Army. Henry Clay compromises-tariff lessens over 10 years. Then he forms Whig Party-upset with Democrats.

49. Andrew Jackson’s legacy War of 1812 hero Battled Bank of United States (BUS) Created State banks (Pet Banks) Wildcat banks printed their own money Jackson makes Gold and Silver only acceptable “specie” for land payment. Paper money is worthless

50. Martin Van Buren, Harrison and Tyler Martin Van Buren inherits bad economy. Panic of 1837-banks shut down; recession William Harrison dies 30 days into office. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too.” – Campaign slogan. Tyler takes over “His accidency”. Only on ballot to get southern votes.

51. Reform in America 2 nd Great Awakening-religious revival. Hudson River School- painted pictures to glorify the Am. landscape. Transcendentalism-emphasizes simple life and celebrate nature and emotions. Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Practice civil disobedience-peacefully disobey laws.

52. Hudson River School-paintings that glorify American landscapes.

53. Henry David Thoreau Lived near Walden Pond. Lived in the woods. Refused to pay taxes to help support war with Mexico. Practiced civil disobedience Truth is found in nature and emotions.

54. Reforms in Schools and Prisons Dorthea Dix- reform of mental hospitals and jails. Horace Mann- compulsory education for students of all ages.

55. Slaves and reform Abolition-movement to abolish (get rid of) slavery. William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator; anti- slave paper. Frederick Douglass-born a slave; moved north read Liberator. Nat Turner-unsuccessful slave revolt.

56. Women and Reform Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott- Seneca Falls Convention in New York; women’s rights. Sarah and Angelina Grimke-SC daughters of a slave owner; spoke out against slavery. Women’s Christian Temperance Union-prohibit alcohol. Sojourner Truth-freed slave turned abolitionist;women’s rights.