1. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock1 Themis Bowcock Valencia June 00

2. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock2 Information Technology Introduction – World Wide Web Grid MAP Project Exploitation Summary

3. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock3 The building blocks… Network –Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Networks –Early 1970 (L.Roberts) Hypertext –1945: Vannevar Bush (Science Advisor to president Roosevelt during WW2) proposes Memex -- a conceptual machine that can store vast amounts of information, in which users have the ability to create information trails, links of related texts and illustrations, which can be stored and used for future reference.Memexlinks

4. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock4 As we may think … The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain Vannevar Bush

5. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock5 Birth of the Web CERN –is the world's largest research laboratory –1990 largest networked site in Europe

6. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock6 CERN By its nature –Large LAN –Massive WAN 10,000 scientists from US, Europe, Asia 40 countries, 400 institutes Need to communicate…

7. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock7 WWW-proposal Tim Berners Lee, R. Cailliau –12 Nov 1990 HyperText is a way to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will. We propose a simple scheme incorporating servers already available at CERN... A program which provides access to the hypertext world we call a browser... Tim Berners- Lee

8. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock8 Elements (1990) Physical Network –Hardware –Protocol (TCP/IP) Database –Common Format (html) Software –Browser(WWW)

9. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock9 WWW Tools In the Web's first generation, CERN launched: –Uniform Resource Locator (URL), –Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), –HTML standards with prototype Unix- based servers and browsers

10. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock10 Cautionary tale In the early days CERN spectacularly failed to recognize the importance of the Web! –CERN failed to capitalize this vital by- product of technology

11. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock11 WWW explosion

12. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock12 WWW now By 2000 the WWW –Exchange of information –Interactive –Collaborative Environments Large Networks –Commercial Limitations are also evident

13. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock13 Research and Society Needs Information Services –WWW functionality (user interaction) Data Services –Storage and Management of large data sets from distributed sources Computation Services –Resources for processing and simulation

14. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock14 Grid The Grid: Blueprint for a New computing Architecture, eds. Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman, Morgan Kaufman, 1998

15. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock15 Grid Services Information Grid Data Grid Computation Grid

16. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock16 Grid Services Services Interact –Collaborative research Information grid supports collaboration Computation grid supports remote job execution Data grid provides input and stores output… Future networks –Boundaries between computing, storage, communications will blur –Networks will incorporate substantial embedded storage and computing –Sophisticated middleware

17. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock17 Grid Technology Prototypes –GUSTO, I-WAY Tools –e.g. Globus, Legion, Condor, SNIPE Standards –XML, Java (Jini, RMI,...), CORBA etc

18. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock18 Grid Issues Authentication and Security Quality of Service Resource Allocation

19. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock19 Exploitation Many disciplines now require Grid- like services The Grid will enable many new fundamental fields of science –… and commerce!

20. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock20 MAP@Liverpool Research –Arrow of time Pattern recognition problem –Tons of sand looking for a single grain! 32 2 About 1 10 12 BB produced/year

21. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock21 LHCb Experiment

22. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock22 LHCb Experiment Optimize the Detector Study the Backgrounds

23. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock23 Simulation Detector design Interpret data Put together a simulation facility –Key Element of the Computation Grid –Monte Carlo Array Processor

24. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock24 Philosophy Fixed Purpose (MC): simplicity Low Cost –No Gbit ethernet until price falls –Dont buy top of range processors –No SMP boards 1998/1999 –No tapes Develop architecture with future in mind –Minimum maintenance/development

25. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock25 Hardware 300 processors –400MHz PII –128 Mbytes memory –3 Gbytes disk/processor (IDE) –D-Link 100BaseT ethernet +hubs –commercial units custom boxes for packing and cooling –Total 600kChF inc 17.5% VAT 1998/1999 (Funding Jan 99). ITS Including installation and 3-yr next day on-site maintenance.

26. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock26 View

27. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock27 Architecture Master External Ethernet MAP Slaves Hub (Switch- 00) Hub (Switch - 00) 100BaseT

28. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock28 Performance For Particle Physics –Highest power machine in the world for simulation production (0.1TFlops) –Flow Control Developed at Liverpool Extendible to 10,000 PCs NOT a BEOWULF system –About 12 months ahead of competition –Outstrips performance of all European facilities added together Output: About 1TByte/day –Key Grid element

29. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock29 Search As a search-engine MAP architecture is ideal –Low search and recovery times –Chemistry Centre for Innovative Catalysis (JIF 00), promises world lead for Liverpool. –This can be used for bio-informatics

30. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock30 Using MAP Disposable MC(throwaway!) Cost Write out ntuple/summary information I/O not really limited by architecture Events may be written out Small internal disks

31. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock31 MAP-OS Linux –Originally RH5.2 (also tested 6.1) –Stripped to minimum On disk 180MBytes! –Will (with FCS) reinstall/upgrade itself –Access/security

32. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock32 Bad things happen… Catastrophic power failure –No UPS (original design had one) –4% needed manual intervention but no hardware failure Burn-in & 4 months of operation –1 power supply exploded –4 PCs with mother-board problems –5 HD failures (within 1 week of turn on) –NIC cards fail –Typically 1% nodes may have a problem

33. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock33 Flow Control System MAP-FCS –UDP level (frames) –solve packet-loss problem Bad hubs(D-Link) NIC Realtek clones with high failure rate –Broadcast system 4 Mbytes/s 300 (Master to Slaves) –Point to point on fail –Standard Mode Communication only with master –Control up to 10,000 PCs

34. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock34 Performance Jan/May 00 –15 million GEANT events for optimization –cf 250,000 possible at CERN –DELPHI events 500,000/day Trilinear Gauge Couplings, W-mass systematics –ATLAS, CDF, H1

35. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock35 User Interface to master only –Web/Grid interface –Security Submission script –Job Control File Sequential jobs, files to keep etc Quick and easy to use Statically linked executable Toolkit –Enables assembly/merging of 300 outputs

36. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock36 MAP-2001 Extension of existing architecture –Vast underestimate of amount of MC required –Extend to 1000 PCs 720 800MHz PIII with 72Gbyte disks 128MBytes memory Switched network (&higher quality!) Better NICs/(onboard?)

37. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock37 MAP-2001 Capability –Standard MAP mode –DST transfer –Search Engine –Interprocess communication –Large Internal Store Minimize network traffic Reprocessing

38. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock38 MAP on the GRID MAP connected –Via masters –Globus 1.1.3 installed First step –Submit jobs

39. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock39 Data Transfer 2000-2003 Data transfer to/from –Liverpool-CERN/RAL –Liverpool-SLAC/FNAL High Speed link may be a waste of money –3MCHF for 2MBs line! –Quality of service –Probably not true in long term Transfer disks

40. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock40 Grid 2005 Tier 1 T2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Tier 0 (CERN) 4444 3 3 T2

41. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock41 Extending MAP Wish to store events –Part of our mindset (reevaluate?) With existing system –Build an analysis and storage system –Add on disk servers

42. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock42 COMPASS

43. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock43 COMPASS Have 3Tbytes of store for R&D on GRID and exploitation of MAP MAP & COMPASS are complementary… Originally requested 40TBytes of store –For H1, BaBar, ATLAS, DELPHI

44. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock44 COMPASS-99

45. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock45 COMPASS-00 3Tbytes –On top of 1TByte MAP internal Rack Mounted Prototype of 40Tbyte system

46. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock46 Health Grid Virtual Population Laboratory –Co-proposed by Liverpool for a world scale met office for disease prediction in collaboration with WHO –Analysis power based on MAP 5000 PC system

47. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock47 Health Grid Community Health Surveillance –WAP, local data bases Information –statistics, Analysis –MAP like centres WHO Med Centre

48. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock48 Comments High Power MC systems vital for HEP –Do we have/plan enough for LHC? –MAP systems available off the shelf Cost and Techniques of Storage –Small groups cant afford/want HSM –Is tape obsolete? Problems for institutes not the same as for Tier 0/1 centres Move jobs … not data!

49. 5 June 2000Valencia T. Bowcock49 Summary GRID will happen –How do we best use it for the benefit of mankind? –Health Grid In 2005 HEP Grid has to be in place Think of the future…