1. Specialists, Pathology, Diagnostics, & Treatments
Skeletal system
Specialists, Pathology, Diagnostics, & Treatments

2. Bone type Doctors Orthopedist Chiropractor
Aka orthopedic surgeon
Chiropractor
Specializes in manipulative treatment
Doctor of Osteopathic medicine (DO)
Manipulative treatment and traditional medicine
Podiatrist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating foot disorders
Rheumatologist
Specialize in diagnosis and treatment of connective tissue disorders

3. Joint Disorders Ankylosis Arthralgia Arthrosclerosis Bursitis
Chondroma
Chondromalacia
Hallux valgus
Aka bunion

4. Joint Disorders Luxation Synovitis Arthritis
Aka dislocation of a bone from its joint
Subluxation-partial dislocation
Synovitis
Arthritis
Plain Jane
Osteo
Gouty-formation of uric acid crystals in the joint
Rheumatoid (RA)
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (juvenile RA)

5. Spine disorders Ruptured/herniated disk Lumbago
Spondylitis-inflammation of the vertebrae
Spondylolisthesis-the forward movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebra below it
slipping of vertebra
Spondylosis – Degenerative condition of the vertebrae

6. Spine disorders Spina Bifida Congenital condition
The spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord
Many cases caused by a lack of folic acid during the early stages of pregnancy

7. Curvatures Kyphosis-outward curvature of the thoracic spine
Lordosis-abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
Scoliosis-abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

8. Bone disorders Osteitis
Osteomalacia-abnormal softening of bones due to disease
Osteomyelitis-inflammation of bone and bone marrow
Osteonecrosis-death of bone tissue
Osteoporosis
Osteitis deformans
Paget’s disease
Disease of unknown cause characterized by bone destruction followed by abnormal bone repair

9. Periostitis
Rickets
Exostosis-benign growth on the surface of a bone

10. Bone disorders Talipes aka clubfoot Tumors Ewing’s Sarcoma Myeloma
Osteochondroma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Exostosis – benign growth on the surface of a bone

11. Bone Fractures Aka Fx Crepitus Colles’ Greenstick
Comminuted-crushed or splintered bone
Compression
Stress
Spiral

12. Closed
Aka simple
Transverse
Oblique
Open
Aka compound

14. Tumors of Bones Ewing’s sarcoma Myeloma Osteochondroma
Family of malignant tumors
Most frequently affects children or adolescents
May spread rapidly to other body sites
Myeloma
A malignant tumor composed of cells derived from blood- forming tissues of the bone marrow
Usually progressive, often fatal
Osteochondroma
Most common benign bone tumor
Growths on the surface that protrude as hard lumps covered with a cap of cartilage

15. Diagnostic procedures
Arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture of joint space to remove fluid
Arthroscopy
Visual exam of the internal structure of a joint
Bone Density Test (BDT)
Use of radiation to determine bone density
Used for suspected osteoporosis, osteomalacia, & Paget’s disease
Bone Marrow Biopsy (BMB)
Inserting a sharp needle into the hipbone or sternum and removing bone marrow cells
Used to determine why blood cells are abnormal
Also used to fine a donor match for bone marrow transplant

16. Diagnostic procedures
Bone scan
Use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis
Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Low-exposure radiographic measurement that is most often used to detect early signs of osteoporosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Used to image soft tissue structures
Radiographs
aka x-rays
Used to visualize fractured bones

17. Treatments and Surgeries
Bone
Bone marrow transplant- used to treat leukemia
Autologous-originating within an individual
Allogenic-originating within another

18. Joints Arthroscopic surgery Synovectomy
Arthrodesis-suturing or wiring together of bones
Arthrolysis-surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
Periosteotomy
Arthroplasty-surgical repair or replacement of a damaged joint
Joint replacement
Bursectomy?

19. Treatments and Surgeries
Spinal Column
Diskectomy
Percutaneous diskectomy-through the skin
Laminectomy
Fusion
Head
Craniectomy
Craniotomy?
Cranioplasty?
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21. Treatments and Surgeries
Other bone terms
Osteoclasis
Surgical fx of a bone to correct a deformity
Ostectomy
Osteoplasty
Osteorraphy

22. External-removed once healed
Fx repair
Manipulation-an attempt to return an affected bone to it normal alignment by manually applied forces
Traction
Immobilization
Fixation
Internal-not removed
External-removed once healed