1. TREATIES

2. BIG IDEA There often exists a variety of complex factors involved in treaties.

3. BEFORE DISCOVERY Before the European discovery of Canada, Aboriginal peoples had an entire continent to themselves Cultures and traditions Language Code of conduct and customs Arrival of European changed everything and affected the Aboriginal people’s relationship with the land and its resources.

4. LACK OF GOVERNMENT Lack of central government did not mean that Aboriginal peoples could not make treaties. They often entered into alliances and treaties, but did not record them.

5. DID YOU KNOW?! The Great Law of Peace of the People of the Longhouse is one of the earliest recorded treaties negotiated between the Seneca, Mohawk, and Cayuga tribes before 1450. Covered 117 articles of governing customs and relationships Written for the first time in 1880

6. WHEN EUROPEANS ARRIVED They imposed European methods upon the Aboriginal peoples they met. These treaties were usually written and form the basis of many land claims by Aboriginal nations today.

7. THE GREAT PEACE OF 1701 Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25m93JVO7kw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25m93JVO7kw Article: The Treaty of Albany (Great Peace of 1701)

8. GREAT PEACE ACTIVITY Complete the “Examination of the Great Peace of 1701” worksheet with the help of your devices

9. THE GREAT PEACE OF 1701 An example of early treaty making between Europeans and Aboriginal peoples. Today: sets a precedent the use of negotiation to settle disputes between First Nations peoples and European colonial representatives in what is now Canada. Sets the foundation for the expansion of the “empire” of New France to the south and west,

10. ROYAL PROCLAMATION OF 1763 Answer your worksheet as the following slides proceed

11. ROYAL PROCLAMATION OF 1763 Context After the Seven Year War, Britain is the primary power in North America Controlled the fur trade The British recognized that they needed to make alliances with the Aboriginal peoples to ensure the success of their colonies Signed into effect in October 7, 1763 by King George III

12. INFLUENCE ON EUROPEAN COLONIES For the colonies, acted as basis of civil administration – guided the governor Ended French civil law and privileged status of the Catholic Church Beginning of assimilation of French population Established a western boundary

13. INFLUENCE ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLES All lands west of the western boundary became “Indian Territories” Limited the area where colonists could settle and trade – needed permission from the Crown Indian Department became the primary contact between Aboriginal peoples and colonies Only the Crown could purchase land from Aboriginal nations – had to hold public meetings

14. INFLUENCE ON TREATIES Needed the presence of both parties (for the most part) – Aboriginal peoples and the Crown Needed consent between the two parties Compensation for land and resources must be given

15. PROBLEMS What was wrong with the Royal Proclamation? Was it a fair document?

16. PROBLEMS Designed by the British without consulting the Aboriginal nations Establishes that Britain as a monopoly over Aboriginal lands

17. SIGNIFICANCE Why was the Royal Proclamation so important?

18. SIGNIFICANCE The Royal Proclamation was the first time that Aboriginal peoples’ rights, rights to land, and titles had been publically acknowledged Seen as a first step towards self-government

19. HOMEWORK 1) Examine the primary sources: An Excerpt from the Royal Proclamation of 1763 Image of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 2) Answer the questions