1. 1 Chapter 1 Chemistry in Our Lives 1.2 Some Fundamental Ideas of Chemistry Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. 2 Matter Is what all materials are made of Has mass Occupies space Has characteristics called physical and chemical properties

3. 3 Physical Properties Physical properties are: Characteristics observed or measured without changing the identify of a substance. Shape, physical state, odor, boiling and freezing points, density, and color of that substance.

4. 4 Physical Properties of Copper Copper has physical properties: Reddish-orange Very shiny Excellent conductor of heat and electricity Solid at 25  C Melting point 1083  C Boiling point 2567  C Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. 5 States of Matter All substances known as matter exist in one of three forms or states: Solids Have definite volumes and shapes Liquids Have definite volumes, but take the shapes of containers Gases Have no definite volumes or shapes Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. 6 Examples of States of Matter Solids Rocks, shells, baseballs, tennis racquets, books Liquids Lakes, rain, melted gold, mercury in a thermometer Gases Air, helium in a balloon, neon in a neon tube

7. 7 Learning Check Identify the state of matter for each of the following: A. Vitamin tablets in a bottle B. Eye drops C. Vegetable oil D. A candle E. Air in a tire

8. 8 Solution Identify the state of matter for each of the following: A. Vitamin tablets in a bottle solid B. Eye dropsliquid C. Vegetable oil liquid D. A candle solid E. Air in a tire gas

9. 9 A physical change occurs in a substance if There is a change in the state There is a change in the physical shape But there is no change in The identity and composition of the substance Physical Change

10. 10 Examples of Changes of State Some changes of state for water: Solid water (ice) melts to form liquid water Liquid water changes to gaseous water (steam) Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. 11 Examples of Physical Changes Examples of physical changes: Paper torn into little pieces (change of size) Copper hammered into thin sheets Water poured into a glass (change of shape) Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. 12 Learning Check Classify each of the following as a 1) change of state2) change of shape A. Chopping a log into kindling B. Water boiling in a pot C. Ice cream melting D. Ice forming in a freezer E. Cutting dough into strips

13. 13 Solution Classify each of the following changes as a 1) change of state2) change of shape A. Chopping a log into kindling (2) B. Water boiling in a pot (1) C. Ice cream melting (1) D. Ice forming in a freezer (1) E. Cutting dough into strips (2)

14. 14 Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance To interact with other substances To change into a new substance Example: Iron has the ability to form rust when exposed to oxygen. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. 15 Learning Check Classify each of the following properties as physical or chemical: A. Ice melts in the sun B. Copper is a shiny metal C. Paper can burn D. A silver knife can tarnish E. A magnet removes particles of iron from a mixture of sugar and iron

16. 16 Solution Classify each of the following properties as physical or chemical: A. Ice melts in the sunphysical B. Copper is a shiny metalphysical C. Paper can burn chemical D. A silver knife can tarnish chemical E. A magnet removes particles physical of iron from a mixture of sugar and iron

17. 17 Chemical Change In a chemical change or chemical reaction, a new substance forms that has A new composition New chemical properties New physical properties Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. 18 Some Chemical Changes Silver tarnishes Shiny metal reacts to form black, grainy coating Wood burns A piece of wood burns with a bright flame to form ash, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat. Iron rusts A shiny nail combines with oxygen to form orange-red rust.

19. 19 Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical: A. Burning a candle B. Ice melting on the street C. Toasting a marshmallow D. Cutting a pizza E. Iron rusting on an old car Learning Check

20. 20 Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical: A. Burning a candlechemical B. Ice melting on the streetphysical C. Toasting a marshmallowchemical D. Cutting a pizzaphysical E. Iron rusting on an old carchemical Solution