1. Covalent Bonds Sharing Electrons

2. Quick Review What is an ionic bond? The a bond between cations and anions.

3. Cations and Anions? Cation-an ion with a positive charge. Easy way to remember: cation has a “t,” which looks like a + sign.

4. Cations and Anions? Anion-an ion with a negative charge. Easy way to remember: think “A N” for “a negative” ion.

5. Why do ionic bonds form? There is an attraction between positive and negative ions. Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na +

6. How do elements bond if they don’t have opposite charges? Elements can share electrons to form a covalent bond.

7. Covalent? Co- means to share.. -valent refers to valence electrons… “Covalent” means “sharing valence electrons.”

8. A Simple Covalent Bond P+ e- P+ e- Two Hydrogen Atoms Each has one valence electron, each needs 2 to be stable.

9. To get 2 electrons each, they share. P+ e- H2H2 The chemical formula for this molecule is 

10. Two hydrogen atoms form a diatomic (two atom) molecule. Molecule: a neutral group of atoms joined together by one or more covalent bonds.

11. How to remember diatomic molecules. 35 Br 53 I I Brought Clay For Our New House

12. Properties of Covalently Bonded Molecules Occur between two or more NONMETALS. Do not conduct electricity. Have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

13. Ions are needed to conduct electricity Ionic compounds vs Covalent compoundsIonic Covalent

14. Why is the hydrogen molecule neutral? It has two protons (one from each atom) and two electrons (one from each atom). P+ e- Two Protons Two Electrons

15. What keeps the hydrogen atoms together in the molecule? The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus. P+ e-

16. Let’s Review Is it ionic or covalent? 1.NaCl (salt--mineral halite) 2.H 2 O (water) 3.C 6 H 12 O 6 (sugar) 4.CaCO 3 (mineral calcite) 5.FeS 2 (mineral pyrite) 6.H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) 7.CO 2 (carbon dioxide) 8.PbS (mineral galena) 9.CaSO 4 (mineral gypsum) 1.Ionic (Na is a metal) 2.Covalent (both nonmetals) 3.Covalent (all nonmetals) 4.Ionic (Ca is a metal) 5.Ionic (Fe is a metal) 6.Covalent (both nonmetals) 7.Covalent (both nonmetals) 8.Ionic (Pb is a metal) 9.Ionic (Ca is a metal)

17. Let’s Review Would it conduct electricity? 1.NaCl (salt--mineral halite) 2.H 2 O (water) 3.C 6 H 12 O 6 (sugar) 4.CaCO 3 (mineral calcite) 5.FeS 2 (mineral pyrite) 6.H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) 7.CO 2 (carbon dioxide) 8.PbS (mineral galena) 9.CaSO 4 (mineral gypsum) 1.Yes- Ionic 2.No-Covalent 3.No- Covalent 4.Yes- Ionic 5.Yes- Ionic 6.No- Covalent 7.No- covalent 8.Yes- Ionic 9.Yes-Ionic

18. Covalent Songs & Tutorial Covalent Song #1 Covalent Song #2 Covalent Bonding Tutorial