1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

2. Characteristics of Plant Cells Cell wall Large vacuole for water storage Contain Chloroplast (carry out photosynthesis!)

3. Characteristics of Plants Plants carry materials through veins known as vascular tissue. There are two types of vascular tissue: – Xylem: transports water – Phloem: transports sugars

4. Characteristics of Plants Roots: gather water and minerals that the plant needs Leaves: contain stomata, have a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, and carry out PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

5. Leaf and Photosynthesis Palisade mesophyll is the site of most photosynthesis Stomata are found on the underside of the leaf

6. Photosynthesis Know the equation for photosynthesis! Carbon dioxide + water ----> sugar(glucose) + Oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ------> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Reactants -------> Products

7. Photosynthesis Which gas is required for photosynthesis to occur? – Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Which gas is produced by photosynthesis as a product? – Oxygen (O 2 )

8. Photosynthesis Takes light energy from the sun and produces food for the plant (sugars) Plants capture this light energy using pigments. What is the name of the pigment? – Chlorophyll

9. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is composed of two steps 1.) Light dependent / Light reaction - pigments capture light energy, needs light to function 2.) Light independent / Dark reaction - Calvin Cycle produces sugars

10. Rates of Photosynthesis The rate of Photosynthesis can be affected by: – Temperature (if it is too hot or cold) – Too little water – Too much or too little light

11. Cellular Respiration Occurs in both plants and animals Breaks down food and glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP ATP releases energy by breaking the bonds and releasing a phosphate groups

12. Cellular Respiration Know the formula for cellular respiration: oxygen + sugar (glucose) ---> carbon dioxide + water + energy 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 ------> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy Reactants ------> Products

13. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Both of these processes require various gasses to function The stomata on the underside of the leaf allow for the exchange of gasses in plants Stomata cannot remain open all the time due to transpiration (water loss) – As a result the stomata are closed at night and during the hottest part of the day