1. Photosynthesis

3. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis = building glucose (chemical energy) by using the sun’s energy (electromagnetic energy)
Occurs in the chloroplast
means “green container”
Uses sunlight, water, & CO2
Makes glucose (chemical energy) & oxygen (waste product)

4. Thylakoids – contain chlorophyll.
Site of the light reaction.
Stroma – watery space surrounding the thylakoid. Site of the DARK reaction.
Granum – stack of thylakoids

5. Photosynthesis Equation
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
6 CO2 + 6 H20 + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
carbon dioxide + water energy  glucose oxygen

6. Composed of 2 main reactions
Light Dependent Reaction
Light Independent Reaction Calvin Cycle Dark Reaction

7. Light-Dependent Reaction
The light phase
Occurs in the Thylakoid membrane within in the Chloroplast
What gets used:
H2O (water – split into H2 and O) & sunlight
What gets made:
ATP (energy), NADPH (energy carrier)
Oxygen is released as waste

8. Light-Independent Reaction
Also know an the Calvin Cycle or Dark Reaction
The “synthesis” phase
Occurs in the Stroma within in the Chloroplast
What gets used:
CO2, ATP, NADPH
What gets made:
Glucose (C6H12O6)

9. Chloroplast
Thylakoids e
H2 \ O
H2O
NADP + H2
CO2
C6H12O6
Stroma

10. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Light Intensity
As light intensity increases, photosynthesis increases, to a certain point.
Carbon Dioxide
As CO2 increases, photosynthesis increases, to a certain point.
Temperature
All chemical reactions are dependent on temperature

11. Light Intensity CO2 Levels Temperature
Rate of photo.
Rate of photo.
Rate of photo.

12. 2 Concerns for plants Getting water & keeping water.
Plants developed roots in order to get water and they developed a cuticle to keep water in the leaves.
Cuticle: waxy covering that surrounds the leaf and reduces transpiration (water loss by plants).

13. Stomata Solved the problem!
A stomata is a hole on the underside of a leaf that allows gas exchange. It is surrounded by guard cells. Reduces transpiration (water loss by leaves)

14. Plants need water for 2 reasons:
For photosynthesis and plumps guard cells – open up and allow for gas exchange.
Low water, guard cells may keep stomata closed.
Stomata are open during the day when photosynthesis is happening.
Stomata are closed at night when photosynthesis is not happening (& to reduce transpiration.)

15. FROOT LOOP KEY WINDOW SIDE DOOR SIDE PURPLE: OXYGEN GREEN: HYDROGEN
RED: CARBON
ORANGE: OXYGEN
GREEN: HYDROGEN
YELLOW: CARBON