1. © PMB 2007 Thinking Skills and Personal Capabilities Unit 5 Making Thinking Explicit: Thinking Frames for Classroom Delivery

2. © PMB 2007 Learning Intentions You will: be able to use a thinking frame and diagram to help with decision-making; and be aware of curriculum contexts where thinking frames can be used.

3. © PMB 2007 What Is a Thinking Frame? Compare and Contrast Frame KS 1&2 How are they similar? How are they different? What are the most important similarities and differences? What do you notice about these important similarities and differences?

4. © PMB 2007 What Is a Thinking Frame? Compare and Contrast Frame KS 3 How are they similar? How are they different? What similarities seem most significant? What categories or patterns do you see in the significant similarities or differences? What interpretation or conclusion is suggested by the significant similarities and differences?

5. © PMB 2007 Using Thinking Frames Introduce the steps. Use questions to prompt discussion. Display the questions. Use questions as a focus for reflection.

6. © PMB 2007 Thinking Diagrams Compare and Contrast Diagram KS 1&2 Item A Item B How are they the same? How are they different? What did you notice?

7. © PMB 2007 Similarities Differences In relation to …………………………. In relation to …………………………. In relation to …………………………. What do you notice about the most important differences and similarities? What conclusions can you draw? AB After Swartz and Parks (1994). Thinking Diagrams KS 3

8. © PMB 2007 Make the thinking skill explicit Scaffold thinking processes Slow down thinking Promote focussed discussion Encourages transfer of thinking skills Provides a visual record of thinking Encourages pupil-generated thinking tools Why are Thinking Frames/Diagrams Valuable?

9. © PMB 2007 What Kind of Decision-Maker Are You? Too Hasty Knee-jerk decisions Too Narrow Only see one or two options Too Fuzzy Cant separate out different options Too Scattered Jump about from one option to another without fully thinking each one through

10. © PMB 2007 Activity 1 Decision-Making (KS 1&2) Raising money in school to support a worthy cause A staff team-building day Reducing traffic congestion around the school

11. © PMB 2007 Activity 1 Decision-Making (KS 3) Raising money in school to support a worthy cause A staff team-building day Reducing traffic congestion around the school

12. © PMB 2007 Activity 1 Decision-Making

13. © PMB 2007 More Visual Tools Supporting an Argument diagram Problem-Solving diagram Setting Goals diagram

14. © PMB 2007 Additional Suggestions for Class Use Start with everyday contexts. Offer a range of examples. Fill in one during a lesson. Give pupils a partially filled in one to complete themselves. Have pupils complete a frame or diagram in pairs or groups. Have pupils create their own frame or diagram and share it with the class.

15. © PMB 2007 Key Points Thinking frames and diagrams: introduce and guide pupils through the skilful practice of required thinking; make thinking explicit; slow down the thinking; provide a visible record of thinking processes for teachers and learners to reflect on and discuss; are not the new worksheets; and should be removed when pupils are experienced in the process(es).