1. The Presidency November 15, 2010

2. A “Government of separated institutions which share power.” Richard Neustadt

3. National and Partisan Constituencies President has the political advantage of being the only political leader with a national constituency President has the political advantage of being the only political leader with a national constituency But President has partisan constituency as well—needs to balance one against the other But President has partisan constituency as well—needs to balance one against the other

4. Number Of Voters Opinions (Ideology) Left Right Republican Primary Democratic Primary

5. Presidential Power: The President "shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union.” Congressional Check: None

6. Growth in Presidential Speech-making Washington Adams Jefferson Madison Monroe Adams Jackson Van Burne Harrison Tyler Polk Taylor Fillmore Pierce Buchanan Lincoln Johnson Grant Hayes Arthur Garfield Cleveland B. Harrison Cleveland McKinley T. Roosevelt Taft Wilson Harding Coolidge Roosevelt Truman Eisenhower Kennedy Johnson Nixon Ford Carter Reagan GHW Bush Clinton GW Bush

7. “That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, unmindful of the high duties of his office and the dignity and propriety thereof... did...deliver with a loud voice certain intemperate, inflammatory and scandalous harangues, and did therein utter loud threats and bitter menaces against Congress.” -Impeachment charge, U.S. House of Representatives, 1868. U.S. House of Representatives, 1868.

8. Bully Pulpit

9. Presidential Power of Initiative: The President may recommend to Congress for "their consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.” Congressional Check: Only Congress may enact Measure into Law.

10. Transitions and Honeymoons Initiative Power is at its Height Initiative Power is at its Height Lincoln and Fort Sumter Lincoln and Fort Sumter Roosevelt and 100 Days Roosevelt and 100 Days Reagan and the Budget Restructuring Reagan and the Budget Restructuring Experience Lacking—Risk of Error Experience Lacking—Risk of Error Kennedy and Cuban Missile Crisis Kennedy and Cuban Missile Crisis Clinton and Gays in the Military Clinton and Gays in the Military Obama and Stimulus Package Obama and Stimulus Package

11. Presidential Veto Power: Before any law "shall take effect," it must be "approved by" the President.... Before any law "shall take effect," it must be "approved by" the President.... Congressional Check: unless "repassed by two thirds of the Senate and the House of Representatives."

12. Trends in Presidential Use of the Veto Power

13. Presidential Power: The president “shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls... and all other offices of the United States.” Congressional Check: Appointments are subject to the “advice and consent of the Senate,” which is taken to mean a majority must approve the nomination.

14. “... the President needs help.... [Aides] would not be assistant presidents in any sense.... [Aides] would not be assistant presidents in any sense.... [They] should possess of high competence, great physical vigor, and a passion for anonymity.” [They] should possess of high competence, great physical vigor, and a passion for anonymity.” -Report, Brownlow Commission, 1936

15. Size of the White House

17. Chief of Staff Senate confirmation Senate confirmation Lightening Rod Lightening Rod Experience needed—the Bakers, Rahm Emanuel (not Sununu) Experience needed—the Bakers, Rahm Emanuel (not Sununu)

18. Causes of Scandals News story if White House involved News story if White House involved Partisan operations conducted inside the White House Partisan operations conducted inside the White House Ambitious aides in White House Ambitious aides in White House

19. Presidential Power: The President "shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers...and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.” Congressional Check: None

20. Efficient aspect of government Dignified aspect of government “to see and be seen” “to see and be seen” Source: Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution

21. Presidential Power: Inherent Powers "The executive power shall be vested in a President.” Congressional Check: Impeachment Power Presidents may be impeached by a majority of the House of Representatives for “high crimes and misdemeanors.” The president is removed from office if the Senate convicts by a 2/3 vote.

22. “My belief was that it was not only the [president’s] right but his duty to doanything that the needs of the Nationdemanded unless such action was forbidden by the Constitution or by its laws.” “My belief was that it was not only the [president’s] right but his duty to doanything that the needs of the Nationdemanded unless such action was forbidden by the Constitution or by its laws.” -Theodore Roosevelt

23. Number of Significant Executive Orders, 1900-1996

24. Decline in Presidential Popularity over the First Term 1 Year2 Years3 Years4 Years

27. Do Failed Policies and Presidents Lead to the Election of Presidents Who Succeed by Repudiating the Past? Ronald Reagan  Jimmy Carter 1980 Barack Obama?  George W.Bush? 2008 Franklin Roosevelt  Herbert Hoover 1932 Abraham Lincoln  James Buchanan 1860 Andrew Jackson  John Q. Adams 1828 Thomas Jefferson  John Adams 1800 George Washington  Articles of Confederations 1789 Very Successful President Leads to….FailureYEAR

29. Presidential Power: "The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States.” Congressional Check: Only Congress can declare war.

30. Presidential Power: The President "shall have the power to make treaties....” Congressional Check: "provided 2/3 of the Senators present concur."

31. Presidential Power: Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. Congressional Check: None

32. The End

33. Town on one Street Krazy-Mart Wally-Mart

34. Presidential Initiative on Terrorism: Too Little, Too Late DateEventDeaths Dec. 1992 Aden Hotel Bombing 2 Feb. 1993 World Trade Center Bombing 6 Nov. 1995 U.S. Saudi training facility bombed 7 May 1996 Bin Laden Shifts from Sudan to Afghanistan June 1996 Truck Bomb in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia 19 Aug. 1996 Bin Laden “Cut off the Head of the Snake” Speech Sept. 1996 Taliban Captures Kabul, Afghanistan Aug. 1998 U.S. Embassies (Kenya and Tasmania) bombed 224 Oct. 2000 USS Cole Attacked, Yemen 17 Sept. 2001 Pro-West Northern Alliance Leader in Afghan. Killed Sept. 2001 9/11 Attacks on World Trade Center and Pentagon 2,992 DateResponse Aug. 1998 Missile Attack on Bin Laden Camp in Afghanistan Oct. 2001 U.S. Offensive in Afghanistan

35. Year-Round Krazy-Mart Wally-Mart

36. Winter Only Wally-Mart Branch Krazy-Mart Branch Krazy-Mart Wally-Mart

37. Number Of Voters Opinions (Ideology) Left Right Republican Primary Democratic Primary

38. National Constituency vs. Partisan Constituency