1. REPARATIONS Cyberpower in the 21 st Century, A Path to Freedom for Africans and African Americans Abdul Alkalimat, University of Toledo April 5, 2001

2. Key questions Ideology: Is there a case for reparations? Strategy: What is the relationship between reparations and freedom? Tactics: What is a viable program for freedom/reparations struggle?

3. Is there a case for reparations? Great crime produced great accumulation Great economic extremes have been perpetuated Black oppression continues Reparations established as legal precedent

4. “We will fight for reparations. Reparations is a well- established principle of international law that should be applied in the U.S. Historically, the U.S. has been both the recipient and disburser of reparations. As the descendants of enslaved Africans, we have the legal and moral right to receive just compensation for the oppression, and systematic brutality and economic exploitation Black people have suffered historically and continue to experience today. Thus, we seek reparations from the U.S. …” Point 12 of the Freedom Agenda of the Black Radical Congress

5. Strategic orientation Freedom = Ending the system of oppression Reparations = Ending the ills of slavery and its legacy

6. Revolution: 19th century reparations struggle for land Agricultural policy for the southern region Civil War and “40 acres and a mule” Regional consolidation of racist fascism in the South and liberal pseudo-democracy in the North

7. Reform: 20th century reparations struggle for jobs Mass assembly line industrial production Civil Rights Movement and trade unions From equal opportunity to affirmative action to reverse racism

8. 21st century rethinking of reparations in the information revolution Technological changes have created a new stage of history The digital divide: fighting for cyberdemocracy in the information society Social cyberpower: cyberorganizing in the information revolution

9. Fundamental choice today: reparations as reform or revolution? Reform: individual settlements, apology, all forms of affirmative action. Main task to debate legitimacy of reparations with mainstream. Revolution: change of the system to end commodification of knowledge and install a comprehensive program of public computing and universal computer literacy. Main task to build mass consensus and power bases united in struggle.

10. Revolutionary core values for the information society Cyberdemocracy: Everyone has access to technology Collective intelligence: Everyone’s voice is included Information freedom: Information and ideas are free for everyone

11. First, our people are the source of our legitimacy! Class has been the basis for citizenship in the information society Black poor people continue as second class citizens, excluded Main task is to educate and mobilize the victims of social excusion

12. Second, our fight is for a new type of Black power and integration Power = 21st century social cyberpower Integration = participation in cyberspace

13. Third, our movement is for immediate practical changes Community technology centers Digitization of the Black experience Public ownership of knowledge

15. Academic excellence and social responsibility Study and struggle Theory and practice