1. C ELLS

2. All living things are made of ______. A cell is the building block of all life. It is the smallest structure that can be classified as _______. cells living

3. The word cell actually means ____________ in Latin. It was coined by the scientist Robert Hooke in 1665 when he compared the plant cells he was looking at to the small rooms that monks live in. small room Robert Hooke’s Microscope

4. The most important compartment in a eukaryotic cell is the ________. The nucleus has one job, and that is to store the ______. nucleus DNA nucleus

5. Every cell is full of __________ which is a water based solution of all of the molecules needed for the chemistry of life. cytoplasm

6. Membranes keep the correct molecules __________ of the cell or organelle, and they keep other molecules __________ of the cell or organelle. However, some small molecules that necessary for life can squeeze through the lipid bilayer uncontrolled. These include the gases __________ and ________________ and one of the most important molecules for the cell: _________. inside outside oxygen carbon dioxide water

7. Cell membranes only allow some molecules through, so they are called _______________ membranes semi-permeable

8. The membrane’s job is to maintain a proper ________ of molecules inside of the cell. Maintaining this balance of molecules is known as ____________. balance homeostasis

9. The process of water moving across a semi- permeable membrane is called _________. Water moves across a cell membrane in a very predictable pattern. It moves from where it is _________ to where it is ___________. This means it moves from where there are fewer solutes dissolved across to the side of the membrane where there are more solutes. You can think of the water as moving to the side where water molecules need the most help dissolving a large number of _________. osmosis purest least pure solutes Water moves into the cell. Water moves out of the cell.

10. It may sound like a good thing that water can travel across the semi-permeable cell membrane without any help, but this can also be a big problem. 1.If too much water enters a cell because of osmosis, the cell can _______ to a size that is too large and eventually it will _______. 2.If too much water leaves a cell because of osmosis, the cell can ________ to a size that is too small. Both of these situations will cause the cell to ______, so the movement of water is an important concern for all living things. swell burst shrink die

11. The picture shows a cell model and the solutions associated with it. For each of the following models, decide which will occur: 1. Water will leave the cell causing it to shrink 2. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell 3. The water level is balanced and neither will occur

12. swellshrinkneither

13. shrinkshrink swell

14. When animals eat, they release the energy in their food through the process known as __________________. cellular respiration

15. The energy removed from food during cellular respiration is placed into the energy rich molecule known as _______. ATP

16. In eukaryotic cells the job of performing this energy conversion belongs to the _____________. mitochondria Cells which require a large amount of energy, including heat, will have a large number of mitochondria.

17. Plant cells have special organelles known as ____________. Chloroplasts are the compartment or ___________ in plant cells that are responsible for the process of ________________. organelle photosynthesis Photo by Thomas Dreps chloroplasts

18. Chloroplasts are full of the molecule ____________. This molecule is responsible for ____________ much of the energy that will be used to make the chemical _________. chlorophyll absorbing glucose Glucose Chlorophyll

19. Q: Why is the prefix chloro- used to name the chloroplasts and the molecule chlorophyll inside of it? A: ________________________________________________ Because chloroplasts and chlorophyll make the cell green! Chloro- means green.

20. Q: Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered opposites? (Be very specific). 1.Cellular respiration digests glucose while photosynthesis synthesizes it. 2.Cellular respiration uses oxygen and photosynthesis produces oxygen. 3.Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. 4.Photosynthesis uses water and cellular respiration produces water. 5.Photosynthesis absorbs energy and cellular respiration releases energy. They are complete opposites!

21. Some cells have ______ or ________ for movement. The ability to move around is know as mobility or motility. ciliaflagella cilia flagella

22. Eukaryotic cells replicate themselves through the process known as ________. The original cell is known as the ________ cell, and the new cells are known as __________ cells. Parent Cell DNA Replication Mitosis Cytokinesis Daughter Cell Daughter Cell mitosis parent daughter

23. Q: How do the daughter cells in the diagram above compare to the original parent cell? A: ___________________________________________ Parent Cell DNA Replication Mitosis Cytokinesis Daughter Cell Daughter Cell The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. Because of mitosis, every somatic cell in a multicellular organism has an identical, complete set of DNA!

24. Prokaryotes (bacteria) perform a process similar to mitosis known as _____________. binary fission