1. Lecture 1 (Intro) And some rin uphill and down dale, Knapping the chucky stones to pieces wi’ hammers, Like sae mony roadmakers run daft – They say it is to see how the warld was made. - Sir Walter Raleigh Of Igneous rocks and volcanoes Webpage for course (daytime) Webpage for course (nighttime)

2. Difference between rocks and minerals

3. Three types of rocks:

4. Minerals in igneous rock Fig. 3.2 Minerals distributed randomly Crystals grow into one another

5. Continental vs. oceanic crust

6. Mineral composition of earth crust Continental crust Feldspar58% Chain silicates13% Quartz11% Micas (incl. clays)10% Calcite, Gypsum, Halite 3% Olivine 3% Misc. 2% Oceanic crust Olivine30% Chain silicates30% Plagioclase feldspars40%

7. Types of Igneous environments Volcanic (extrusive) fine-grained Plutonic (intrusive) coarse-grained

8. Mineral compositions Continental IntermediateOceanic Volcanic Plutonic

9. Three types of volcanoes due to mineral characteristics Continental CompositeOceanic

10. shield Three types of volcanoes pyroclasticcomposite < http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/pciesiel/ gly3150/mt_st_helens2.gif > < http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/ 06/Mauna_Kea_cinder_cone.jpg >

11. Fig. 3.14b Fig. 3.15a obsidian pumice History of a volcano

12. Eroded volcano – volcanic neck http://www.destination360.com/north- america/us/wyoming/devils-tower-national- monument Example: Devil’s Tower, Wyoming

13. Volcanic crater - caldera http://www.dustydavis.com/longride/2004 Example: Crater Lake, Oregon

14. “Ring of Fire” Where do composite volcanoes occur? Fig. 4.33

15. Unusual volcanoes - kimberlites http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/ book/export/html/170&usg

16. Associated with hotspots Unusual volcanoes - kimberlites

17. Loper and McCartney hypothesis of dinosaur extinction http://www.astro.virginia.edu/class/ocon nell/astr121/marsImages.html&usg