1. WNAD PRSP Learning Event West and North Africa Department January 2002

2. WNAD PRSP Learning Event I. Background – PRSP principles and the role of participation II. Challenges and Opportunities in supporting participatory processes III. Ways forward for DFID engagement

3. Origins of the PRSP Idea Poor record on poverty reduction in 1990s Poor record on poverty reduction in 1990s Findings on aid effectiveness (limits of projects, Findings on aid effectiveness (limits of projects, undermining of govt. systems & capacity…) undermining of govt. systems & capacity…) Limits of conventional conditionality Limits of conventional conditionality Justification for big increase in multilateral Justification for big increase in multilateral funding for debt relief (HIPC II) funding for debt relief (HIPC II)

4. Country-led/owned based on participation Country-led/owned based on participation Outcome oriented Outcome oriented Comprehensive – analysis of poverty Comprehensive – analysis of poverty Medium to long term perspective Medium to long term perspective Donor partnership under government leadership Donor partnership under government leadership Core PRSP Principles Sept. 1999 the PRSP replaced the PFP (Policy Framework Paper) as the governing contract between the IMF/World Bank & client countries. Central to it are five principles:

5. I-PRSP PRSP (I) PRSP (II) 9-24 months 3 years HIPC(II)DecisionPoint HIPC(II)CompletionPoint 1 st Annual ProgressReport PreparationStatusReport 2 nd Annual Progress Report etc.. PRSP Schedule & Key Elements

6. I-PRSPPRSP (I) PRSP (II) 9-24 months 3 years HIPC(II)DecisionPoint 1 st Annual ProgressReportPreparationStatusReport 2 nd Annual Progress Report etc…. PRSP elements: Poverty analysis Poverty analysis Goals/targets Goals/targets Policy actions Policy actions Med-term budget fw Med-term budget fw Financing plan Financing plan External assistance External assistance Participatory process Participatory process

7. Whats New? Linking strategy to the fiscal & macro framework Linking strategy to the fiscal & macro framework Reducing the disconnect between policy & Reducing the disconnect between policy & results (structuring actions viz. impact on poverty) results (structuring actions viz. impact on poverty) Opening up strategy process to broad-based Opening up strategy process to broad-based participation participation Opportunities for new ways of delivering aid Opportunities for new ways of delivering aid (pooled funding of general budget, joint appraisal, (pooled funding of general budget, joint appraisal, common performance assessment) common performance assessment)

8. Expectations about Participation Participation can help deliver broad-based Participation can help deliver broad-based ownership & strengthen accountability where ownership & strengthen accountability where poverty is related to weak governance poverty is related to weak governance Policies more likely to succeed if their choice Policies more likely to succeed if their choice is influenced by civil society consultation & voices is influenced by civil society consultation & voices of the poor of the poor Participation can help alter the power balance Participation can help alter the power balance between governments and donors between governments and donors

9. Participation in the dev. of national policy Participation in the dev. of national policy for poverty reduction is relatively new…uncharted for poverty reduction is relatively new…uncharted territory for some (finance ministries etc.) territory for some (finance ministries etc.) Different actors hold different understandings of Different actors hold different understandings of what participation can achieve in relation to what participation can achieve in relation to poverty reduction or policy making poverty reduction or policy making Confusion over participation as mandatory & Confusion over participation as mandatory & calls for greater national ownership calls for greater national ownership But…

10. Recent Experience Participatory processes have taken a broadly Participatory processes have taken a broadly similar format – working groups/national wkshps similar format – working groups/national wkshps Participation has generally been limited to Participation has generally been limited to consultation with only limited feedback consultation with only limited feedback Some opening of the policy space Some opening of the policy space Strong CS advocacy on key themes – gender, Strong CS advocacy on key themes – gender, inequality, HIV/AIDs but nothing on macro- inequality, HIV/AIDs but nothing on macro- economic policy economic policy

11. CS lobbying has improved the process e.g. Kenya CS lobbying has improved the process e.g. Kenya consultations exceeded expectations despite weak consultations exceeded expectations despite weak political commitment from the top; Malawi process political commitment from the top; Malawi process was extended was extended Cameroon/Chad – Govt. officials consulting directly with Cameroon/Chad – Govt. officials consulting directly with communities, possibly for the first time communities, possibly for the first time Rwanda – extensive consultations crucial part of Rwanda – extensive consultations crucial part of reconciliation efforts reconciliation efforts Areas of Value-Added

12. Tanzania – process rushed, CSOs attempted parallel Tanzania – process rushed, CSOs attempted parallel process but weak impact on final PRSP process but weak impact on final PRSP Ghana – PRSP process treated lightly & CSOs poorly Ghana – PRSP process treated lightly & CSOs poorly galvanised (compared to SAPRI) galvanised (compared to SAPRI) Kampala Declaration – consortium of NGOs critical of Kampala Declaration – consortium of NGOs critical of PRSP framework & restricted form of participation PRSP framework & restricted form of participation Mali – la société civil, cest Moi! President of the Mali – la société civil, cest Moi! President of the National Assembly National Assembly But weaknesses too …

13. Where Govt. already keen to foster CS Where Govt. already keen to foster CS participation in policy processes, PRSP processes participation in policy processes, PRSP processes have strengthened it & left actors on all sides have strengthened it & left actors on all sides better equipped (Uganda) better equipped (Uganda) Elsewhere the risk is that poorly conducted Elsewhere the risk is that poorly conducted consultative processes, with ambivalent outcomes, consultative processes, with ambivalent outcomes, will undermine chances that a more participatory will undermine chances that a more participatory culture will develop (Mozambique?) culture will develop (Mozambique?) Conclusions

14. Obstacles Participation is just a process, de-linked from Participation is just a process, de-linked from analysis & decision-making analysis & decision-making Participation is an intrusion to/& undermines Participation is an intrusion to/& undermines existing democratic processes existing democratic processes Capacity weaknesses and conflicts within CS Capacity weaknesses and conflicts within CS Donors as brokers of participation Donors as brokers of participation

15. DFID Engagement DFID support more consistent than many other DFID support more consistent than many other donors, largely supportive/mediating rather than donors, largely supportive/mediating rather than interventionist interventionist Supports efforts to coordinate & harmonise Supports efforts to coordinate & harmonise approaches to participation approaches to participation Working to strengthen both sides (CS and Govt.) Working to strengthen both sides (CS and Govt.) to engage with each other (avoid donor as to engage with each other (avoid donor as broker) broker)

16. Kenya – SAIC CS Adviser seconded to PRSP Secretariat Kenya – SAIC CS Adviser seconded to PRSP Secretariat Tanzania – funding for CSOs to strengthen poverty policy Tanzania – funding for CSOs to strengthen poverty policy work work Tanzania/Uganda – popularising PRSP/dissemination Tanzania/Uganda – popularising PRSP/dissemination Mozambique – work with like-minded donor group on how Mozambique – work with like-minded donor group on how to strengthen CS participation in PRSP implementation & to strengthen CS participation in PRSP implementation & monitoring monitoring Zambia – providing information, analysis & funds for Zambia – providing information, analysis & funds for Regional networking Regional networking Ethiopia – supporting public debate through funding of Ethiopia – supporting public debate through funding of NGOs and assisting coordination of CS response to PRSP NGOs and assisting coordination of CS response to PRSP Examples