1. Vacuole
Vacuoles Remove waists, Store Fluids, Store Food, Help Keep the pH Acidic in the cell, and confine harmful entities
Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells than animal cells
A Vacuole is like an attic, because it can be used to store things, which could possibly be dangerous.
Vacuoles are in all plant cells, and most animal cells

2. Peroxisome Carly Villano
Peroxisomes are organelles that resemble Lysosome and are most commonly found in eukaryotic cells
Function: To rid the body of toxic substances like hydrogen peroxide, or other metabolites
*Peroxisomes are like exorcisms. They get rid of the unwanted.*

3. Cell membrane All cells have a cell membrane Function
Forms a barrier between the inside of the cell and outside, so chemical environment on the two sides can be different
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Composition
proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane
Analogy
Cell membrane is like prison walls

4. Lysosomes FUNCTION: The cell’s digestive and garbage disposal system.
Degrades material from outside the cell as well as parts of the cell that are no longer in use.
Breaks down waste in the cell
Contain 50 different enzymes that break down proteins using hydrolysis.
They are only found in eukaryotic
cells.
ANALOGY: A lysosome is like a
trash can for a cell. It disposes
materials that are useless or
dangerous.
Austin Ruggiero

5. Ribosomes Function: Ribosomes turn RNA
into protein for the cell. They make the
protein following instructions that come
from the nucleus.
Both animal cells and plant cells contain ribosomes.
Ribosomes are sometimes found in the cytoplasm but
others are connected to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Analogy- Ribosomes are like people working in an
assembly line because they take the product they get
(RNA), turn it into something else (protein),
and pass it on.
By: Chris Pellegrino

6. Mitochondria Analogy Powerhouse of the cell
Provides the cell with the energy to divide, move, contract, etc.
Site of cellular respiration- generates fuel for the cell
Also involved in cell division, growth, and death
Has two membranes- the inner membrane is folded
Found in eukaryotic cells
Suspected origin: Endosymbiotic Theory
An aerobic bacteria was ingested by an anaerobic bacteria. They had survival advantages if they continued partnership. The aerobic provided energy and the anaerobic provided protection. This developed into an organelle with a double-membrane
Analogy
The mitochondria is like the gasoline in a car because it powers the cell.

7. Cilia Functions: Cells with Cilia: Small Whip-like structures used for
Registering or directing flow in the
surrounding liquid – movement of the
cell
Cells with Cilia:
Eukaryotes (essential in single cell organisms)
Lines the respiratory tract in humans
Animal cells
Cilia is like a person crowd surfing because the peoples’ hands are like the cilia helping to move the cell along.

8. Nuclear Envelope
Double-membrane layer that surrounds and protects the nucleus of a cell
allows materials to move in and out of the nucleus
dotted with thousands of nuclear pores
Located in both animal and plant cells
Only in organisms that are eukaryotic because they have a nucleus
Analogy: A nuclear envelope is like a set of parents (double-membrane) because parents watch over and protect their families, or in this case the nucleus.

9. Prokaryotic cell Analogy Functions
Since prokaryotic cells are contained by all bacteria’s, the function of a prokaryotic cell would be the functions of bacteria. Bacteria perform many important functions on the earth such as being decomposers, agents of fermentation and they play an important part in humans digestive system. In addition bacteria is Involved in many nutrient cycles.
What Prokaryotic cells lack and contain
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, but it has a cell membrane and cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic cell are contained by…
-all bacteria’s
Analogy
1)Prokaryotic cells are like food, they play an important part in humans digestive systems.
2)Prokaryotic cells are like a doe, does don’t contain antlers like bucks, while prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus like Eukaryotic.
Characteristics of Prokaryotes cells
-Prokaryotic cell’s are generally small and simpler than Eukaryotic cells.
-Prokaryotic cells can glide along surfaces and swim through liquids.
Genetic information is in a circular loop called plasmid.
They enjoy a diverse array of metabolic functions for their metabolism.
The cell grows and responds to changes in the environment.
Examples of Prokaryotic cells and their functions…
1) Escherichia Choli
--live in intestines
2) Staphylococcus Aureus
--can cause skin infections
Prokaryotic features three major shapes
1) rod shaped
2) spherical
3) spiral 9

10. function ANALOGY **Found in eukaryotic cells
The nucleolus produces subunits which together form the ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus to positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum where they are critical in protein synthesis.
ANALOGY
Nucleolus is queen bee and she works to produce a colony (subunits) which work together to make honey(ribosomes)
*you can remember honey is ribosomes because you put honey BBQ sauce on ribs. 10

11. CHLOROPLAST Function in a cell Where is it found? Cellular Process
You find chloroplast in plants.
Cellular Process
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Where does it come from?
Chloroplast was once a separate micro-organisms
Has then became a part of eukaryotic cells through symbiosis.
How many membranes?
Contains 2 main cell membranes of the inner membrane and outer membrane that make up the Chloroplast envelope.
Function in a cell
Chloroplast plays the role of producing and giving off the chlorophyll needed to give the plant its green color. Also the Chloroplast is where photosynthesis occurs.
ANALOGY
The Chloroplast is like a paint brush it adds and controls the color of a plant.
By Tanner Brescancine Mr. Hachtman Bio 3/9/11

12. Chromosomes
A chromosome’s function is to control all the activities in the cell and to hold genes.
Also, they have a big part in cell division.
Chromosomes are found in all cells, both plant and animal.
Chromosomes are like the principal of a school because they control the activities in a cell and they hold your records or genes.
<
<

13. Centriole by Corrin Dylnicki
Works when its time for the cell to divide
Helps with mitosis and meiosis
Rests during interphase
Located near the nucleus, but invisible during cell division
Every animal cell contains two small centrioles
Each centriole is made of nine bundles of microtubules in a ring
Analogy: A centriole is like a closet organizer. A closet organizer organizes a closet and centrioles organize cell division
There is some evidence that centrioles evolved from endosymbiotic organisms that propagate by division
This argument was fueled by the erroneous belief that centrioles possessed DNA
They do however have RNA which leaves the question still open
A counter argument states that they come from blepharoplasts which are identical in structure
This is negated by some cells that create sperm
Only eukaryotes have centrioles but Oocytes, certain rodents, flies and plants do not have centrioles.

14. Golgi Body Functions: Packages and ships items out of the cell
Analogy: Golgi bodies are like shipping companies, they sort packages and add addresses to make sure it goes to the right location in the body.
Looks like pancakes stacked on top of each other

15. Chromoplasts A pigmented plastid found in certain plant cells.
Chromoplasts that contain carotenoid pigments impart the red, orange, or yellow colors to various fruit (e.g., tomato fruits), roots (e.g., carrot roots), and petals.
They, like all other plastids, are organelles found in specific photosynthetic eukaryotic species.
Chromoplasts are like hair dye because they give color to the plants.

16. Nucleus by: Kylie Gruppo
The nucleus controls the present enzymes in order to regulate all the cell’s activity.
Genetic material chemically directs cell activity
Usually in the form of long strands of chromatin made of DNA and affiliated proteins
Found in eukaryotic cells
Analogy: the nucleus is like a brain because it controls everything in the cell just as the brain controls everything in the human body
Surrounded by: nuclear envelope consisting of two bilayer membranes

17. Flagella Long thread like appendages
Provide all live single cells with movement
Flagella are like tails, or the wheels on a car. The wheels give the car the ability to move.

18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports carbohydrates and lipids to the cell membrane
Analogy: like a highway. Cars move from one place to the other

19. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports proteins to the cell membrane
Analogy: a water slide cause it gets you from the top to the bottom

20. Cell Wall
Definition: A rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane.
Found in plant and prokaryotic cells.
Main function is to maintain the shape of the cell.
It provides support and protection for the plant cell
It also prevents the cell membrane from bursting in a hypotonic medium, which means it helps resist water pressure
Analogy: A cell wall is like a skeleton, it keeps the shape of the body.
url:
By:KaylaJo McDanolds

21. Leucoplasts Only found in plant cells
They lack a pigment and are smaller than chloroplasts.
Functions:
used for storage of starches, lipids, and protein
Helps with biosynthetic functions
Contained by eukaryotic cells
A leucoplast is like a zip-lock baggie. It has no pigment and is used for storage.

22. All plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms are eukaryotes.
These cells contain a nucleus.
In addition, they also contain a cell membrane, a cytoplasm, and organelles.
Although some live as single-celled organisms, a majority of them are multicellular organisms.
The opposite of this cell is a prokaryote, which does not have a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cell
All plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms are eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells are like a circle and a square. They are both shapes, but only one has edges, the square (Eukaryotic Cell).

23. Cytoskeleton - This is present in all cells.
- Structures such as flagella, cilia and lamellipodia and plays important roles in both intracellular transport and cellular division.
- A cytoskeleton is like the parental chaperone at a 1st grade trip because it controls the transport and the separation of cells.

24. Cytoplasm Protects the innards of the cell
Devin Mackay
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that is within the cell membrane but excludes the nucleus
Protects the innards of the cell
Cytoplasm is found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Analogy: Cytoplasm is like a helmet, it protects the important parts of the cell, just like the helmet protects the important parts of your head