1. American Government
Unit 2

2. Lesson 13 pages 91-96
What was the Anti-Federalist position in the debate about ratification?
Objective: Explain why the Anti-Federalist opposed ratifying the Constitution. Explain the role of Anti-Federalists in proposing a bill of rights and identify other contributions their views have made toward interpreting the Constitution.

3. Why was a ratification process required?
Article VII: “The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between states.”
Needed to have a formal acceptance of the Constitution because the original plan was to AMEND the Articles of Confederation.
9 of 13 (3/4) – super majority. NOT unanimous for obvious reasons.
Example of social contract theory.
Followed example of state constitutions after the Revolution.

4. Where and how did Americans debate the proposed Constitution?
Debate started at the convention. George Mason wrote a list of objections and then left without signing the final document.
As it was put before the public– large, populous states (NY, PA, VA, MA) begin to object to it. Worrisome because if these states left the Union it could mean a total breakdown.
Debates took place in newspapers and in pamphlets.
Anti-Federalist (people against the Constitution)

5. Where and how did Americans debate the proposed Constitution?
Arguments:
Should have been developed in public meetings
Undermined the republican form of gov’t
Too much power given to the Nat’l gov’t at the expense of the states
Too much power to the executive
Too much power to congress
Did not adequately separate powers of executive and legislative branches
Army can be kept during peacetime
Did not include a Bill of Rights.

6. What were the key elements of the Anti-Federalist’ opposition?
*classical republicanism*
Threat to natural rights (no Bill of Rights)
Developed by an elite and privileged group to create a national government that would benefit them and their interests
Believed that the only was for a safe gov’t was
Local – closely linked to people
Controlled by the people
Yearly elections
Replacing people in key positions often.

7. What were the key elements of the Anti-Federalist’ opposition?
Goal:
Defeat the Constitution
Hold 2nd Convention in which they would have more say
Fight for a Bill of Rights

8. Should there be a Bill of Rights?
Most powerful weapon Anti-Federalists had against the Constitution.
Without BOR:
Gov’t doesn’t adequately protect our rights
Federal gov’t has vague power- could be used as unlimited
Nothing in the Constitution to stop the federal gov’t from violating all the rights that are not mentioned in it.
Bill of Rights would quiet the fears of those opposed to the Constitution.
Bill of Rights is necessary to remind the people of the principles of our political system.

9. Finishing up! HOMEWORK Reviewing and Using the Lesson Page 96 #s 1, 4
Reflection on Learning:
Write two things that you learned.
Write one thing that you already knew.
Write one thing that you want to know more about.