1. British Isles Western Isles Europe Africa Indian Ocean Madagascar Mauritius Bourbon Island Cape of Good Hope King George’s Sound Hobart Sydney Australia New Zealand Friendly Islands Philippine Islands Equator North Pacific Ocean Asia North Atlantic Ocean Cape Verde Islands Marquesas Galápagos Islands Valparaiso Society Islands Straits of Magellan Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn Falkland Islands Port Desire South Atlantic Ocean Montevideo Buenos Aires Rio de Janeiro St. Helena Ascension North America Canary Islands Keeling Islands South America Bahia Fig. 1.6(TE Art) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2. Figure 14.03a

3. Figure 14.04

4. Greater rhea Lesser rhea

5. British Isles Western Isles Europe Africa Indian Ocean Madagascar Mauritius Bourbon Island Cape of Good Hope King George’s Sound Hobart Sydney Australia New Zealand Friendly Islands Philippine Islands Equator North Pacific Ocean Asia North Atlantic Ocean Cape Verde Islands Marquesas Galápagos Islands Valparaiso Society Islands Straits of Magellan Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn Falkland Islands Port Desire South Atlantic Ocean Montevideo Buenos Aires Rio de Janeiro St. Helena Ascension North America Canary Islands Keeling Islands South America Bahia Fig. 1.6(TE Art) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

6. Figure 14.06

7. Figure 14.08

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Millions of years ago Eukaryotes Vertebrates Colonization of land by animals Reptiles Insects and amphibians Mammals and dinosaurs Flowering plants and first birds First hominids 1002003004005006001500 Extinction of the dinosaurs Plants Fig. 22.11(TE Art)

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. G. arcuata obliquata G. arcuata incurva G. mecullochii G. gigantea Fig. 22.13(TE Art)

11. Figure 14.12

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. NichePlacental MammalsAustralian Marsupials Burrower Mole Lesser anteater Grass- hopper mouse Lemur Flying squirrel Ocelot Wolf Tasmanian “wolf” Tasmanian “tiger cat” Flying phalanger Spotted cuscus Numbat Marsupial mole Marsupial mouse Anteater Nocturnal insectivore Climber Glider Stalking predator Chasing predator

21. Figure 14.14

23. Figure 14.16

25. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Greyhound Mastiff Dachshund Chihuahua

31. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. HumanCatBatPorpoiseHorse

32. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Modern toothed whales Ambulocetus natans probably walked on land (as do modern sea lions) and swam by flexing its backbone and paddling with its hind limbs (as do modern otters) Pakicetus attocki lived on land, but its skull had already evolved whale characteristics Rodhocetus kasrani's reduced hind limbs could not have aided it in walking or swimming. Rodhocetus swam with an up-and- down motion, as do modern whales Fig. 22.12(TE Art)