1. Chap 24 – Urinary System Learning Objectives 1.Describe the basic anatomy of the urinary system. 2.Describe the gross anatomy of the kidney. 3.Describe the anatomy of a nephron and its role in filtration. 4.Explain the formation of dilute versus concentrated urine. 5.Describe the normal physical and chemical properties of urine. 6.List several abnormal urine components, and name the condition characterized by the presence of detectable amounts of each.

2. PREDICT How many 2L bottles full of fluid do your kidneys filter every day from the bloodstream? a.10 b.30 c.60 d.80 e.100

3. Discussion What kind of stuff do our kidneys filter?

4. Focus on Kidney Disease There are many diseases that threaten the kidneys. Lets hear one family’s story: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2 528912072005025327&q=kidney+dialysis &total=114&start=20&num=10&so=0&type =search&plindex=5 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2 528912072005025327&q=kidney+dialysis &total=114&start=20&num=10&so=0&type =search&plindex=5

5. Other Diseases What are kidney stones? http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6 428245723031764349&q=kidney+stones& total=225&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=s earch&plindex=2 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6 428245723031764349&q=kidney+stones& total=225&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=s earch&plindex=2

6. Chemical Composition of Urine Water = ___ Solutes & nitrogenous wastes = ___ - Urea (normal breakdown of amino acids) - Uric acid (end product of nucleic acid metabolism) - Creatine (from skeletal muscle/ ATP useage) - Na+, K+, ammonia, etc.

7. Physical Characteristics of Urine Color & Transparency Clear – Pale – Deep Yellow Yellow color due to pigment _________ (results from bodys destruction of hemoglobin (via bilirubin and bile) Ph = __

8. Abnormal Urinary Constituents, pg 900 1.Glucose – glycosuria as in ________ 2.Protein – proteinuria which could indicate heart failure, severe hypertension or ___________ 3.Ketone – ketonuria may indicate __________ 4.Bile – bilirubinuria may indicate ___________ 5.RBC’s – hematuria may be a sign of _______ in the urinary tract 6.WBC’s – pyuria may indicate ________ in the urinary tract

9. Alternative Use For Urine? Ecological Sanitation in Romania – successful results from testing urine as fertilizer Human urine from a school's urine- diverting toilets proves to be an excellent fertilizer for a maize field “In spring 2005, the urine of the schoolchildren - after septization through storing - was used as a fertilizer on a maize field of the local medical doctor. The doctor is extremely satisfied with the results. Urine is an excellent fertilizer. The quality of the maize which had been given urine was much better than the maize which had not been given urine.”

10. Urinary System ______ - ‘star of the show’; main organ of filtration and water balance ______ – slender tubes that take urine from the kidneys to the bladder ______ - smooth, collapsible muscular sac that temporarily stores urine ______ - thin-walled muscular tube that drains urine out of the body NOTE the position of the renal artery & vein

11. Structure of the Bladder _______ - smooth muscle layer (means ‘thrust out”) 3 layers: Epithelium called _____________ Fibrous layer or _____________ Also has spinchters ___________ - area with openings for ureters and urethra