1. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 1 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Michael Christoffel Sebastian Pulkowski Peter C. Lockemann Integration and Mediation of Information Sources in an Open Market Environment

2. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 2 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) qInformation has become a mere commodity. qIt should be subjected to the laws of the marketplace. âInformation handling and delivery follows factors such as cost, price and customer value, ease of access, delivery time, information quality. qToday, it is the range of accompanying services that determines the value of the product. âIn electronic business many of these service providers are replaced by electronic agents. qArrangement of service providers is the subject of supply chain management (SCM). Premise

3. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 3 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Thesis qScenario: Academic library market. qThesis: SCM philosophy can be applied to the scenario. qQuestions: âWhat are the agents in the chain? âWhat are their services? âWhat is the added value to the customers?:

4. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 4 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Challenge qObservation: Information is non-material, uninhibited by physical limitations. Consequences: âinformation flooding. âmarket intransparency. qChallenge: Develop agents and chain architecture that âmakes the market truly open by easing the integration of existing and new providers âmaintains market transparency for customers and providers.

5. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 5 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Topics covered qMarket characterization qReference architecture qSupply-side infrastructure qSupply-side organization qConclusions

6. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 6 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Market characterization World Wide Web document servers delivery services Internet bookstores information centers publishing houses Providers Customers admini- strators scientists students

7. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 7 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Information comes at a price qFree sources âFree search functionality, free document access âExamples: University servers with research papers and technical reports; catalogue services qFree search, restricted access âUniversity libraries: free catalogue access, lending regimen, no access charge to university members qFree search, access charge âOnline journals, online bookstores qSearch charge, access charge where applicable âInformation centers

8. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 8 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Our environment (V 3 D 2 ) document servers delivery services Internet bookstores information centers publishing houses Providers Customers admini- strators scientists students WWW University library as an information broker for the campus

9. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 9 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Added values document servers delivery services Internet bookstores information centers publishing houses Providers Customers admini- strators scientists students WWW University library as an information broker for the campus Ease of joining and leaving Directory of providers and services constant update of service conditions non-exclusive Possibility for comparing sources on service qualities Homogeneous customer interface for heterogeneous and changing source functions and presentations Common internal data model and format for data exchange

10. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 10 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Intelligent Integration of Information Info source Examples of Heterogeneous Data Sources Wrapper Information Integration Service Human and Computer Users Agent/Module Coordination Semantic Integration Translation and Wrapping Abstracted Information Unprocessed, Unintegrated Details Mediation Info source Info source Info source Facilitator Mediator

11. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 11 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) University library as an information broker Info source Examples of Heterogeneous Data Sources Wrapper Information Integration Service Human and Computer Users Agent/Module Coordination Semantic Integration Translation and Wrapping Abstracted Information Unprocessed, Unintegrated Details Mediation Info source Info source Info source Facilitator Mediator Trader User agent Wrapper

12. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 12 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) The UniCats Information Market User agents: uniform access, user surrogate UA Trader: knowledge of the provider market, reconciling demand and supply T T T Wrapper: service homogenization, provider surrogate W W W

13. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 13 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) UniCats environment providercustomerwrappertrader provider registration user agent HTTP query registration and result presentation queries to traders and trader recommendations queries to wrappers and query results order and delivery The UniCats environment OEM / XML OTP HTTP

14. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 14 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Supply-side infrastructure User agents: uniform access, user surrogate UA Trader: knowledge of the provider market, reconciling demand and supply T T T Wrapper: service homogenization, provider surrogate W W W

15. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 15 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Economies of Wrapping qWrappers qWrappers represent source and service provider interests. qImpose a standardized behavior on raw information sources that serves âthe user(agent)s: easy access to full functionality âthe source: filtering, security, query transformation âthe trader: provide information such as delivery conditions, delivery times, pricing models qObjective: âfor a source, ease of joining the market âfor the university library, ease of attaching a source qMake use of modular architecture simple semi-automatic wrapper generation

16. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 16 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Modular Wrapper Architecture Query(partial) Result Coordination ComponentQuery Validation Planner Cost Monitor Converter Page information Wrapper Meta- Information

17. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 17 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Wrapper Generation Wrapper generator Administrator Interpretation of page contents Metadata Trader Wrapper Information source User / User agent Source specific data Query Result

18. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 18 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Role of traders qTraders qTraders are facilitators between user agents and wrappers. qOvercome lack of market transparency: âlocalize providers âidentify and compare their services, e.g. udelivery modes and delivery times uprices upayment conditions qProcess user agent queries to the trader: âequal treatment of content criteria, quality factors and monetary aspects âreturn ranked list of providers

19. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 19 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Query Handling tradercustomerprovider profiles query recommendations feedback test of conformity

20. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 20 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Profiling the providers Metadata qcontain âcontent-based attributes âpricing and legal conditions âpayment mode âquality-of-service criteria âintellectual property rights qare obtained âpassively from the wrappers (during generation) âactively from the sources themselves (questionnaire) âactively by test queries âpassively by rating feedback received from the user agent

21. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 21 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Trader Federation Why a trader federation? qrobustness of the system qimproved query handling âeach trader can access a larger number of providers qallows specialization of traders qrequires routing of provider registrations and of queries

22. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 22 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Trader Federation

23. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 23 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Supply-side organization Register Parallel research Inquire for suitable providers Mutual coordination UA T T T W W W

24. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 24 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Supply-side organization Register Parallel research Inquire for suitable providers Mutual coordination UA T T T W W W Trader initiative: Register: Broadcast, wrappers answer if they wish. Trader as a trusted intermediary. Update: Inquire periodically or on cause with wrapper on profile validity. Also the only way to deal with uncooperative sources: Repeated search requests and analysis of results.

25. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 25 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Supply-side organization Register Parallel research Inquire for suitable providers Mutual coordination UA T T T W W W Wrapper initiative: Register: Broadcast or multicast intention, traders ask for specifics. Allows bypass of traders. Update: Send profile changes. Misuse by wrapper possible (profile testing). Source fade-out not observable.

26. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 26 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Supply-side organization Register Parallel research Inquire for suitable providers Mutual coordination UA T T T W W W Closed community: Register and update: Better performance, security, up-to-dateness. Danger of cartels.

27. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 27 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Metadata classification qRequest information âInformation to direct query formulation qResult attributes âInformation on potentially possible results qCost structure âInformation for cost pre-estimates. âFactors include depth of search, number of documents expected, online time, cost of transmission, shipping, packaging qLogin âLocation of login, data to be provided qGeneral information âE.g.: document types, languages, subject areas, document formats, shippping modes qUser data âAddress, accounts qLevel of security

28. aa a a SFB 1791 Nr. 28 Fakultät für Informatik Forschungszentrum Informatik FB Datenbanksysteme Peter Lockemann BIS Poznan Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Conclusions Treat UniCats as added value to commercial e-business platform. Wrapper generation to ease joining the network. Generation of homogenization mediators because of expected multitude of data models in business-to-consumer. Even in business-to-business common data models only within narrow sectors, see proliferation of special EDI standards. Construction aids for (possibly combined) integration mediators and facilitators. Distributed, flexible workflows for integration. Other facilitators: catalogues, traders, brokers. Flow of money: Electronic payment systems, security by encrypting payment transfers, by digital signatures, and by special transaction protocols. Technical standard SET (Secure Electronic Transactions) for protecting payment card purchases.