1. www.symmetricom.com QoE Division Yves Cognet CTO Quality of Experience metrics for IPTV

2.  QoS as perceived by an end-user is called QoE (Quality of Experience)  QoE can be measured and benchmarked QoE relates how an application is perceived by an end-user. QoE metrics are content dependant and are impacted by network impairments as well as content impairments QoS versus QoE (highlight) Quality of ExperienceQuality of Service  Describes how IP can be used for offering Differentiated Services  Describes how Differentiated Services can improve Quality of Services (aka for offering Class Of Services) QoS describes how a network is performing for a specific Class Of Service. QoS metrics are network centric metrics. “Operators want to know the video performance as perceived by the customer through the IP TV network….”.

3. Key Challenges to solve  Assure service delivery (end2end monitoring)  Monitor service quality (Quality of Experience)  Reduce time to fix (identify the problem and diagnose the source)  Speed up deployment  Deliver what the customer is paying for  Reduce customer churns  Reduce cost of support  Secure revenue streams (competition)

4. What was missing  QoS for IPTV is well known but QoE for IPTV is in its infancy. The V-Factor™ patented technology is recognized as the “critical missing link” between IPTV QoE and IPTV QoS.  V-Factor technology takes into account  Network impairments (delay, jitter, loss, miss ordering,..) as defined by ITU Y1540/41and IETF RFC2330  Transport impairments (MPEG2 TS streamer jitter) as defined by ETSI TR 101290  Content impairments (is codec dependant and measure the quantization, size of macroblocks, …), The V-Factor provides a score that measures the impact of losses/jitter on I, B or P frames/slices by simulating the Human Vision System.

5. IPTV QoE methodologies Subjective QoE testing Average opinion of many people concerning quality of Video Not scalable Objective QoE testing Score delivered by a system that rate the quality of the video as perceived by a user Human Vision System Model

6. Video Quality Measurement Full Reference (FR) Full Reference Processor Original Video Received Video Original Video Transmitted Video Signal ITU-T J.144

7. Video Quality Measurement Reduced Reference (RR) Reduced-Reference Spatial (Pixel) and Temporal (Motion) Information Reduced-Reference Signal Processor Transmitted Video Received Video ITU-T J.143

8. Video Quality Measurement No-Reference (NR) Processor Transmitted Video Received Video V-Factor™ No-Reference V-Factor – Moving Picture Quality Metrics (MPQM) based on the Human Vision System

9. What is V-Factor? Based on MPQM (Moving Picture Quality Metrics) Considers both Network based metrics and Content based metrics Measures Perceived Video and Audio Quality over time

10. What the V-Factor does 1/2 Transmitted Video Received Video Multiplexer/streamerSTB MPEG PES packet analysis I,B,P frames and slices analysis Audio PES Video PES : Slices, Macro block, Block, Quantizer V-Factor analyses all PES video and audio packets in real time and collect statistics about I,B,P frames and slices. PES packets analysis is codec dependant (MPEG2, H264,..).

11. What the V-Factor does 2/2 Transmitted Video Received Video IP/RTP/Transport Stream header inspection PCR (jitter) Packet loss Bandwidth Multiplexer/streamerSTB V-Factor collects network statistics from IP header or RTP MPEG2TS header, Network packets analysis is transport dependant (RTP only, MPEG2TS over UDP, MPEG2TS over RTP over UDP,..). IP packets (6 to 7 PES)

12. The MPQM model is fed from network impairments at the IP level (as defined by ITU U1540/41 and RFC2330) and also information collected from the content of the compressed video layer (GOP, Quantizer,..) The PLR is computed from network impairments, the Program Clock Reference (PCR) Jitter and Network Jitter. Loss model Markov models Bursty Loss Episode Single Loss MPQM model Packet Loss Rate (PLR) probability Codec type, I/B/P/S, Quantizer information, bandwidth V-Factor Human Vision System (HVS) Entropy Γ Patented Audio Sound MOS TR 101 290 Content Impairments PLC (FEC) De Jitter Buffer Network Jitter Buffer size Network impairments Codec impairments MPQM V-Factor Measurements Transport Stream analysis (PCR, Out of sequence)

13. V-Factor Parameters All parameters are “per sample” counters unless otherwise noted Please see MPEG-2 System Specifications and ETSI TR101290 for more detailed explanations of these parameters  Network related parameters  Jitter Discards – Number of frames discarded due to jitter  Network Loss Probability – Statistically accurate predictive calculation of frame loss at the PES level  Out of Sequence – Number of miss-ordered frames delivered  Max Loss Episode Length – Maximum number of lost frames per episode  Max Loss Episodes – Cumulative count of loss episodes since first observation  In Sequence – Number of properly ordered frames delivered  PLC – packet loss concealment (such as FEC or other mechanisms)  ETSI TR 101 290 group 1 and 2 – standard DVB parameters for MPEG2 TS  Content related parameters  Program Rate – Transport stream rate in kilobits per second as observed  Program Clock Rate Overall Jitter – Jitter of synchronization stream in microseconds (from the streamer)  I frame Count – Number of “I” (Intra) frames/slices for this sample period  P frame Count – Number of “P” (Predictive) frames/slices for this sample period  B frame Count – Number of “B” (Bi-directional) frames/slices for this sample period  Compression Ratio – Ratio of I frames to I+P+B frames  QUANT_SCALE – Worst case value of the QUANT_SCALE per reporting period  V-Factor – QoSmetrics specific calculation of user perceived video quality, details elsewhere  Sound codec  Video codec (H264/CABAC – MPEG2,…)  Multicast Join Time – Actual time the stream was joined in “epoch” seconds  Multicast First Time – Actual time the first data arrived in “epoch” seconds

14. IP TV – QoE metric Test 1 - 0% packet loss / 0% jitter / 0% dupTest 3 - 1% packet loss / higher jitter / 1% dup Test 2 - 0,1% packet loss / some jitter / 0,1% dup Test 1 Test 2Test 3

15. Deploying the V-Factor  Secure revenues by keeping customer satisfaction  Integrate with NOC & customer support workflows        Accelerate and secure IPTV deployment during rollout  Keep customer support costs under control By deploying probes before and after encryption, the solution overcomes most situation when encryption is used for DRM purpose.

16. IPTV in Service Monitoring  Measure Performance by Channel and by Geographic Region

17. "One of the major demands in the emerging IP video market was the need for a video scoring metric suitable for the IPTV market. With the announcement of V-Factor™, which is the first product suitable for large-scale deployment of IPTV, QoSmetrics eliminated one of the major stumbling blocks for successful deployment." “QoSmetrics’ V-Factor™ is a sophisticated service analysis portfolio that maximizes video quality, giving service providers what they need to avoid network performance impairments – setting the company apart from its competitors,” said Brian Dolan, editor of Fierce-IPTV. “The company’s customer list is very impressive, and will only get better as U.S. deployments continue, making them a Fierce15 winner.” Awards & Recognition The NetAgent product has been named a Best of Interop Finalist for this week’s Networld+Interop exhibition held annually in Las Vegas.

18. Who is using V-Factor ITPV Customers/TrialsOEM/Distribution Partners

19. Other alternatives