1. Streaming Video over the Internet: Approaches and Directions Dapeng Wu, Yiwei Thomas Hou et al. Presented by: Abhishek Gupta {agupta@cs.ubc.ca}

2. Introduction Issues in Video Streaming. Issues in Video Streaming. Transmission of Real Time Video typically has bandwidth and delay requirements. Transmission of Real Time Video typically has bandwidth and delay requirements. Current Internet does not offer any QoS guarantees to streaming video. Current Internet does not offer any QoS guarantees to streaming video. For multicast it is difficult to achieve both efficiency and flexibility. For multicast it is difficult to achieve both efficiency and flexibility.

3. Overview Key areas in streaming video. Key areas in streaming video. Video Compression – Scalable and Nonscalable coding. Video Compression – Scalable and Nonscalable coding. Application-layer QoS control. Application-layer QoS control. Continuous media distribution services. Continuous media distribution services. Streaming servers. Streaming servers. Media synchronization mechanisms. Media synchronization mechanisms. Protocols for streaming media. Protocols for streaming media.

4. Architecture For Streaming Video

5. Video Compression Nonscalable Video Coding. Nonscalable Video Coding. Nonscalable video Encoder

6. Video Compression(contd.) Scalable Video Encoding. Scalable Video Encoding. Scalable video encoder Scalable video decoder

7. Application Requirements from Encoder and Decoder Bandwidth – Rate control. Bandwidth – Rate control. Delay - Buffering. Delay - Buffering. Loss – Multiple description coding. Loss – Multiple description coding. Video Cassette recorder like functions. Video Cassette recorder like functions. Decoding Complexity. Decoding Complexity.

8. Application Layer QoS Control Congestion Control Congestion Control Rate Control Rate Control Source Based – Probe based, Model based (“TCP friendly”) Source Based – Probe based, Model based (“TCP friendly”) Receiver Based – Channel based, Model based. Receiver Based – Channel based, Model based. Hybrid Rate Control – Destination set grouping and layered multicast scheme. Hybrid Rate Control – Destination set grouping and layered multicast scheme. Rate Shaping – Match the rate of a pre-compressed bitstream to a target rate by use of filters. Rate Shaping – Match the rate of a pre-compressed bitstream to a target rate by use of filters.

9. Application Layer QoS Control (contd.) Error Control Error Control Forward Error Correction (FEC) – Channel coding, Source coding, Joint channel/source coding. Forward Error Correction (FEC) – Channel coding, Source coding, Joint channel/source coding. Delay-Constrained Retransmission. Delay-Constrained Retransmission. Error-resilient coding – Multiple description coding. Error-resilient coding – Multiple description coding. Error concealment – Spatial and Temporal Interpolation. Error concealment – Spatial and Temporal Interpolation.

10. Continuous Media Distribution Services Network filtering. Network filtering. Improved video quality. Improved video quality. Bandwidth efficiency. Bandwidth efficiency. Application level multicast. Application level multicast. Media bridges-Interconnection of media multicast networks enabled through application level peering relationships. Media bridges-Interconnection of media multicast networks enabled through application level peering relationships. Content replication. Content replication. Caching Caching Mirroring Mirroring

11. Streaming Servers Components. Components. Communicator – Application layer and transport protocols. Communicator – Application layer and transport protocols. Operating System – Real time support for streaming applications. Operating System – Real time support for streaming applications. Storage System – Support for continuous media storage and retrieval. Storage System – Support for continuous media storage and retrieval.

12. Streaming Servers (contd.) Real Time Operating Systems Real Time Operating Systems Process management – EDF and rate- monotonic scheduling. Process management – EDF and rate- monotonic scheduling. Resource Management - Admission Control, Resource Allocation. Resource Management - Admission Control, Resource Allocation. File Management File Management

13. Streaming Servers (contd.) Storage System Storage System Increase throughput with data stripping. Increase throughput with data stripping. Increase capacity with tertiary and hierarchical storage. Increase capacity with tertiary and hierarchical storage. Use SAN, NAS. Use SAN, NAS. Fault tolerance. Fault tolerance.

14. Media Synchronization Intra-stream synchronization – Within a time dependent data stream. Intra-stream synchronization – Within a time dependent data stream. Inter-stream synchronization – Between different time dependent data streams. Inter-stream synchronization – Between different time dependent data streams. Inter-object synchronization – Between time dependent and time independent data. Inter-object synchronization – Between time dependent and time independent data.

15. Protocols for Streaming Video Network layer protocols – IP. Network layer protocols – IP. Transport protocols – TCP, UDP, RTP, RTCP. Transport protocols – TCP, UDP, RTP, RTCP. Session control protocols – RTSP, SIP. Session control protocols – RTSP, SIP.

16. Protocols for Streaming Video (contd.) Protocol Stacks for Media Streaming

17. Protocols for Streaming Video (contd.) Transport Protocols – RTP and RTCP. Transport Protocols – RTP and RTCP. RTP RTP Time Stamping Time Stamping Sequence numbering Sequence numbering Payload type identification Payload type identification Source identification Source identification RTCP RTCP QoS Feedback QoS Feedback Participant information Participant information Control packets scaling Control packets scaling Inter-media synchronization Inter-media synchronization Minimal session control information. Minimal session control information.

18. Protocols for Streaming Video (contd.) Session control protocols – RTSP and SIP Session control protocols – RTSP and SIP RTSP RTSP Support VCR like options Support VCR like options Provide means for choosing delivery channels and delivery mechanisms based upon RTP. Provide means for choosing delivery channels and delivery mechanisms based upon RTP. Media retrieval Media retrieval Adding media to existing session. Adding media to existing session. SIP – Similar to RTSP but supports user mobility. SIP – Similar to RTSP but supports user mobility.

19. Future Directions Video Compression – How about using a combination of encoding schemes? Video Compression – How about using a combination of encoding schemes? Application Level QoS – The effectiveness of TCP like rate control. Application Level QoS – The effectiveness of TCP like rate control. Continuous media distribution services – A scalable, cost-effective, efficient and incremental deployable infrastructure for continuous media distribution. Continuous media distribution services – A scalable, cost-effective, efficient and incremental deployable infrastructure for continuous media distribution. Streaming servers – VCR like control, Storage mechanisms, scalability, fault tolerance. Streaming servers – VCR like control, Storage mechanisms, scalability, fault tolerance. Media synchronization – Synchronization in multicast video while supporting VCR-like interactive functions. Media synchronization – Synchronization in multicast video while supporting VCR-like interactive functions. Protocols – Caching, support for pause/resume operation in caches, security in protocols. Protocols – Caching, support for pause/resume operation in caches, security in protocols.