2. Blood Physiology Lecture -4 White Blood Cells –cont Professor A.M.A Abdel Gader MD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London) Professor of Physiology, College of Medicine & The Blood Bank, King Khalid University Hospital King Saud University Riyadh

3. Blood Film

4. At the end of this lecture the student should be able to: 1.Describe monocyte formation and function 2.Describe the reticuloendothelial system components and function 3.Describe lymphocyte formation 4.Describe the functions of the diffrerent types of lymphocytes 5.Recognize leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia White Blood Cells – cont- Agranulocytes – Objectives of the lecture:

5. White Blood Cells – cont Agranulocytes Contents: Monocyte formation, maturation and function Reticulendothelial system components and function Lymphocyte formation and function Leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia

6. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes 5.3% 15-20um, kidney shape nucleus – Lymphocyte 30%

7. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte 30%

8. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

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10. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

11. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

12. 12

13. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

14. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

16. Defensive Functions of the Monocytes Directly: – phygocytosis of bacteria, dead cells etc Indirectly: – Cooperates with lymphocytes by: Recognizing the foreign body Ingesting the foreign body Processing the foreign body Presenting it to lymphocytes

18. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

19. Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont. Types of WBC 1.Granular WBC: Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.Agranular WBC – Monocytes – Lymphocyte

20. Hemopoiesis (17.9)

21. Lymphocytes – cont. Lymphopoiesis Stem cell (thymus, lymphoid tissue & bone marrow) lymphoblast intermediate pyronophilic blast cells lymphocytes

22. Immunity -- Types Acquired immunity: Basic types of acquired immunity: Humoral immunity (B-cell immunity) B-LYMPHOCYTES Antibodies Cell-mediated immunity (T-cell immunity) Activated T-LYMPHOCYTES Initiated by antigens

23. The bases of Acquired Immunity are Lymphocytes

24. Immune cells Two types: – B-Lymphocytes (Thymus independent, B-lymphocytes) Produce antibodies (Humoral Immunity) 2. T- lymphocytes (Thymus dependent, T-lymphocytes) Cellular mechanisms (Cellular Immunity)

27. Defence of the body against infections and foreign invadors Functions of Leucocytes- WBC Summary Neutrophils & monocytes (Blood macrophages)- Phgaocytosist/ + Immunity Macrophage (RES) system … Phagocytosis + Immunity Lymphcytes ….. IMMUNITY

28. White Blood Cells – cont Agranulocytes Contents: Monocyte formation, maturation and function Reticulendothelial system components and function Lymphocyte formation and function Leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia

29. Leucocytosis (Increased WBC Count) Causes : Physiological – Diurnal:  morning  evening – After physical exercise – Stress or Adrenaline injection Disease (pathological) – Bacterial infections (tonsillitis, appendicitis – Worms infestations

30. Leucopenia (Decreased WBC Count) Causes : – Malnutrition – Typhoid fever – Depressed bone marrow – Deficiency of Vit B12 or folic acid

32. The Macrophage system Reticulo-endothelial System (RES)

33. Reticuloendothelial System- RES RES is widespread in the body Cells of the RES: – Monocytes (blood macrophages) – Mobile and fixed tissue Macrophages – Endothelial cells in bone marrow, ly mph nodes and spleen – Reticular cells of lymph nodes spleen & bone marrow.

34. Reticuloendothelial System- RES Cells of the RES - Distribution: Tissue Macrophages in skin SC tissues Tisssue Macrophages of lymph nodes Tissue macrophages in lungs Macrphages (kupffer cells) in the liver Macrphages in the spleen and bone marrow

35. 35 Functions of Reticuloendothelial system 1.Phagocytosis: Bacterial, dead cells, foreign particles 2.Breakdown of Hb 3.Immune function: processing antigen and antibodies production (indirect) 4.Storage of iron Dr Sitelbanat

36. At the end of of this lecture the student should be able to: 1.Describe monocyte formation and function 2.Describe the reticuloendothelial system components and function 3.Describe lymphocyte formation 4.Describe the functions of the diffrerent types of lymphocytes 5.Recognize leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia White Blood Cells – cont- Agranulocytes – Objectives of the lecture:

38. THANK YOU لكم جزيل الشكر

39. THANK YOU لكم جزيل الشكر