1. CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

2. THREE MAIN CAUSES SLAVERY – main cause
SECTIONALISM – favoring one region over the whole country
SECESSION/STATES’ RIGHTS – breaking away from the country/believing states are more important than nation

3. Missouri Compromise Who – Henry Clay
What – set line to divide free and slave states in future (except Missouri); Missouri enters as a slave state, Maine as a free state
When – 1820
Where – Missouri, Maine, Western Territory
Why – kept balance of slave and free states – 12 of each
Drew a line along the southern border of Missouri across Louisiana Purchase. Everything North of line would be free. Everything South of line would be slave.

4. Missouri Compromise

5. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Who – Nat Turner, 17 other slaves
What – rebellion against slave owners, killed 55 white people
When – August 21, 1831, Nat Turner hanged on November 11, 1831
Where – Virginia
Why – freedom from slavery
How – 1. Kill white slave owners
2. Capture county capital
3. Take over Virginia

7. Abolitionists
Who – William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, the Grimke sisters etc.
What – people who wanted to end slavery
When – late 1700’s until 1865
1863 – Emancipation Proclamation
1865 – 13th amendment abolishes slavery
Where – all over the US, mostly in the North
Why – religious and moral reasons; enslaving human beings is wrong
How – protests, pamphlets, newspapers, Underground Railroad

8. Abolition Leaders William Lloyd Garrison David Walker Angelina and
Sarah Grimke
Robert Finley

9. COMPROMISE OF 1850
Who – Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Stephen Douglas
What – 1. Ca. admitted as free state
2. New Mex. and Utah – people vote on slavery
3. DC – slavery, but no slave trade
4. Strong Fugitive Slave Law
When – 1850
Where – Ca., New Mex., Utah, DC
Why – no more balance of free and slave states
1849 – 15 of each
South would never again have even numbers
How – Congress approves, keeping nation from breaking apart

11. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Who – Stephen Douglas
What – repealed Missouri Compromise, allowed people to decide slavery for themselves (popular sovereignty), “Bleeding Kansas” – violence over slavery
When – Act is passed in 1854, Nebraska becomes free state in 1854, Kansas in 1859
Where – Kansas, Nebraska

12. Kansas-Nebraska 2
Why – Belief that citizens of a state should decide whether it was slave or free, where to build transcontinental railroad.
How – Act passed in Congress caused major violence in Kansas

14. RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY OCTOBER 16, 1859
Who – John Brown, 21 whites and free blacks
What – raid on arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, get weapons and ammo stored there, 10 of his men killed, the rest captured
When – 10/16/1859 – attack on arsenal, John Brown and 6 others found guilty of treason and hanged on 12/2/1859
Where – Harper’s Ferry, Virginia

15. JOHN BROWN

16. Harper’s Ferry 2 Why – was an abolitionist – hated slavery
How – attacked arsenal with 21 followers, going to use weapons to begin slave revolt (None joined), stopped by Col. Robert E. Lee and US Marines

18. Underground Railroad
Who - Harriet Tubman, Harriet Jacobs, Sojourner Truth, conductors, Stationmasters, bounty hunters
What - escape system for slaves out of the South, set up by free Blacks, escaped slaves, white abolitionists, and religious groups (Quakers)
When – 1831 to 1850 – stopped by Fugitive Slave Law
Where – mostly southern states to Canadian border, stations 2 to 20 miles apart

19. Underground Railroad 2 Why – Freedom for slaves, secret escape route
How – secret routes, hid in attics, barns, cellars. Traveled by walking or in boats at night

20. ELECTION OF 1860 Who – John Breckinridge –Southern Democrat
Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrat
John C. Bell – Constitutional Union Party
Abraham Lincoln – Republican
What – Presidential Election – Breckinridge gets most southern states, Douglas gets Missouri, Bell gets Border States, Lincoln gets all northern states/not even on the ballot in the south
When – 11/6/1860
Where – United States – South Carolina said it would leave US (secede) if Lincoln won. SC secedes on 12/20/1860

21. Election of 1860 2 Why – to elect a President of the United States
How – electoral college and popular vote split in the Democratic Party helped Lincoln win – he had 180 of 303 electoral votes, but only 40% of the popular vote

23. DRED SCOTT DECISION Who – Dred Scott, Roger B. Taney
What – sued for his freedom based on the fact that he had lived in a free state
When –
Where – Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin
Why – Supreme Court ruled he could not sue since he was property, not a citizen
How – anti-slavery lawyers helped Scott sue