1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY
E.NAGHSHINEH M.D
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

2. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL GENTILIA
The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible
The vulva includes:
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Urethral opening
Vaginal opening
Perineum
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

3. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The external genital structures of the mature female.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

4. MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS)
The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone
It protects the pubic symphysis
During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis
Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

5. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
LABIA MAJORA
Referred to as the outer lips
They have a darker pigmentation
The Labia Majora:
Protect the introitus and urethral openings
Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
Mass of fat, plexus of veins
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

6. LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)
Referred to as the “inner lips”
Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal
Located inside the labia majora
They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

7. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
CLITORIS
Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue
It is made up of a shaft and a glans
Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation (2*1)
key to sexual pleasure for most women
Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

8. VAGINAL OPENING INTROITUS
In virginal women hidden by overlapping labia minora
Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen
Imperforated hymen: vaginal orifice is occluded completely ,retention of menstrual discharge
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

9. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PERINEUM
The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal
It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts
The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to touch
An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

10. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL GENITALIA
The internal genitalia consists of the:
Vagina
Cervix
Uterus
Fallopian Tubes
Ovaries
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

11. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The female internal reproductive system (side view).
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

12. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The female internal reproductive system (front view).
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

13. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
VAGINA
The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals
It is located between the bladder and rectum
It functions :
As a passageway for the menstrual flow
For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus
As the birth canal during labor
With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes lubricated during sexual intercourse
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

14. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
CERVIX
The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
The cervical opening to the vagina is small
This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus
During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus
This dilation is a sign that labor has begun
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

15. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
UTERUS
A pear shaped organ
Located between bladder and rectum
Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9 to 10)
It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium
The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

16. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FALLOPIAN TUBES
Length:8 to 14 cm
Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus
Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm
Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVARIES
Almond-shaped organs, development and extrusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones
A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles
During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization
The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen
These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

18. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ARTERIES
Uterine and ovarian art
Uterine art: Internal iliac (Hypogastric) art
Ovarian art: direct branch of Aorta
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

19. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
VEINS
Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Common iliac vein
Right ovarian vein ;IVC
Left ovarian vein ;Left renal vein
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

20. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PELVIC
Pelvic composed of four bone: sacrum , coccyx and two innominate bones
Innominate bones: ilium, ischium, pubis
False pelvis ;above the linea terminalis
True pelvis ; below the linea terminalis
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

21. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Pelvic Girdle (Hip)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Figure 7.27a

22. Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Image from Table 7.4

23. PLANS AND DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS
1.Pelvic inlet
2.Pelvic outlet
3.Midpelvis
4.Greatest pelvic dimensions
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

24. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PELVIC DIAMETERS
Obstetrical conjugate; shortest distance between promontory of sacrum and the symphysis pubis;10 cm or more
True conjugate
Diagonal conjugate
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

25. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

26. CALDWELL-MOLOY CLASSIFICATION
Gynecoid pelvis
Android pelvis
Anthropoid pelvis
Platypelloid pelvis
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

27. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
GYNEOID PELVIS(50%)
It is the normal female type.
Inlet is slightly transverse oval.
Sacrum is wide with average concavity and inclination.
Side walls are straight with blunt ischial spines.
Sacro-sciatic notch is wide.
Subpubic angle is o.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

28. Anthropoid pelvis (25%):
It is ape-like type.
All anteroposterior diameters are long.
All transverse diameters are short.
Sacrum is long and narrow.
Sacro-sciatic notch is wide.
Subpubic angle is narrow.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

29. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Android pelvis (20%):
It is a male type.
Inlet is triangular or heart-shaped with anterior narrow apex.
Side walls are converging (funnel pelvis) with projecting ischial spines.
Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow.
Subpubic angle is narrow <90o.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

30. Platypelloid pelvis (5%):
It is a flat female type.
All anteroposterior diameters are short.
All transverse diameters are long.
Sacro-sciatic notch is narrow.
Subpubic angle is wide.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

31. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE END
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM