1. History of the English Language Class NotesSept. 17, 2014

2. Vikings!

3. 793 CE onward

5. Alfred the Great

6. Ruled from 871-899 CE Consolidated a divided “nation” Used the word Angelcynn Fought/negotiated with the Danes Captured London, taking it from the Danes Established universities; planned towns First English king to write books! Translated Latin texts into English (incl. Bede’s Ecclesiastical History)

7. Normans!

8. Battle of Hastings, 1066 CE

10. Later Changes… Middle English becomes Modern English during a less dramatic episode “The Great Vowel Shift” Occurs during the end of the 15 th century The phonetic values (sounds) of long vowels in English are changed A standardized (somewhat) grammar

11. And more later changes… Words coined by Shakespeare-- nearly 2,000! (16 th /17 th centuries) Dictionaries (18 th century) Imperialism allows for borrowed words from around the world (17 th -19 th centuries) Development of linguistics (19 th century) Scientific, economic, technological terminology (19 th -21 st centuries)

13. Works Cited and Consulted Black, Joseph, ed. et al. The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Vol. 1. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview P., 2006. Print. Bryson, Bill. The Mother Tongue: English and How It Got That Way. NY: Perennial, 1990. Print. Katsiavriades, Kryss and Talaat Qureshi. “The Origin and History of the English Language.” The KryssTal Website. 1997-2013. 14 Sept. 2014. Web. Kemmer, Suzanne. “A Brief History of English, With Chronology.” 2001-20015. Words In English. Rice University. 15 Sept. 2014. Web. MacNeil, Robert. “The Glorious Messiness of English.” Readers Digest, Oct. 1995. Print.