1. SPAN 2008 - Week 1 - Lecture Histories and Theories of Political Violence 1) Introduction to the theme of political violence 2) Political Violence in Spanish History 3) Course Outline 4) Defining ‘Terrorism’ 5) Seminar Readings

2. 1) Introduction to the theme of political violence ‘War (…) a continuation of political activity by other means’ ( Carl von Clausewitz, On War, 1832)

3. What are the roots of violence? Is violence inherent to human ‘nature’? … to human societies? Is it specific to certain historical relationships and in particular power relations? Is violence ever justifiable? Is a world without violence possible?

4. POWER FORCE AUTHORITY COERCION PERSONAL v. POLITICAL VIOLENCE: e.g torture

5. 2) Political Violence in Spanish History Spain’s Black Legend … Barbarian Catholic conquistadors The Inquisition Persecution of Muslims and Jews The Spanish Civil War Franco’s dictatorship ETA

6. 3) Course Outline ANARCHISM FRANCOISM ETA / GAL

7. 4) Defining ‘Terrorism’ T erm: -Difficult and problematic use in association with political violence. -Currently loaded with political and ethical connotations. Historical roots: French Revolution: ‘Virtue without Terror is powerless’ (Maximilien Robespierre, Year II – 1793-94) -19 th century Russian Revolutionaries.

8. 5) Seminar Readings for Week 2 Text 1: Julio Arostegui, ‘Violencia, sociedad y politica: la definición de la violencia’ in Aróstegui, ed. Violencia y política en España (Madrid: Marcial Pons, 1994) pp.17-55. Text 2: Frantz Fanon, ‘Concerning Violence’ in The Wretched of the Earth (London: Penguin, 1967), pp. 27-84. Film: Gillo Pontecorvo: The Battle of Algiers (1965) Text (optional): Walter Benjamin (1862-1940): ‘Critique of Violence’ (1921)

9. TERRORISM COUNTER-TERRORISM ANTI-TERRORISM LIBERATION IMPERIALISM FREEDOM-FIGHTERS DECOLONISATION TORTURE POLITICAL VIOLENCE